山东省泰安肥城市2021-2022学年高二下学期期中考试英语...

While bringing global change may take some time, these companies and individuals have already developed various ways to reduce plastic pollution.

Plastic Bank

According to its founder David Katz, "The only way to stop ocean plastic is to show the value to the collectors." The company does this by rewarding people who collect ocean plastic with cash, goods, or services. The garbage collected is recycled and sold to companies that pay above-market prices to help the cause.

Liter of Light

Since 2011, Liter of Light has been transforming plastic bottles into light sources (光源). There are millions of people who have no access to electricity. The company attaches plastic bottles filled with water and bleach to roofs. They reflect sunlight into the dark, windowless homes during the day. When the sun sets, a micro solar panel (太阳能电池板) helps power an LED bulb (灯泡).

The Ocean Cleanup Foundation

In 2013, 18-year-old Boyan Slat dropped out of college to start The Ocean Cleanup Foundation. The young inventor developed the first operational cleanup system in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The system is designed to collect the surface garbage as it floats past. The accumulated plastic will be brought to land for recycling. Slat believes his invention will allow us to clean 50 percent of the patch within five years.

You and Me

We don't have to be part of a major movement to help make a difference. Simply choosing to recycle, reuse, or avoiding plastic altogether can be a great start to reduce the waste. In addition, there are many other ways to reduce our ecological footprint. Consider walking instead of driving, taking shorter showers, ditching plastic straws, or even planting a tree!

The moment that Jiang Mengnan received the Touching China Person of the Year Award for 2021, she said she most wanted to express her gratitude to her parents. Born in 1992 in Yizhang county, Hunan Province, Jiang's world has been silent since she was 6 months old, when ototoxic (耳毒性的) drugs she was given irreparably damaged her hearing. So, Jiang's parents, both middle school teachers, taught her to learn vocalization and lip reading.

Jiang put her hands on the throats of her parents when they talked and felt the vibration (震动) of the vocal cords (声带) to learn to speak. When reading Pinyin, she carefully looked at the lips of other people's pronunciations to know the formation of each syllable. Mastering a single word can take at least 1000 practice attempts for Jiang, and different people having different mouth movements added difficulty to her social contacts and school life.

Through lip reading and self-study, she was able to keep up with learning and was accepted by Jilin University School of Pharmacy (药学) . In 2018, she was accepted as a PhD candidate at Tsinghua University's School of Life Sciences. Because of her hearing loss, she couldn't be a doctor. Instead, she chose pharmacy to help reduce people's pain and assist their recovery.

Jiang's story is one of victory over adversity. More importantly, she is helping inspire disabled children to struggle for success. She stressed that people with disabilities have no need to feel discouraged. When God closes a door, he opens a window, and this girl believes that all challenges are gifts.

Humans have been living and working on the space station for 20 years. Their meals are packaged, though sometimes astronauts receive fresh treats from resupply missions. The longer that packaged food is stored, the more it loses nutrients like vitamin C and vitamin K.

Astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance to sample each one. The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first Chili (辣椒) grown in space. The crew finally had a chance to taste the peppers after initially kicking off the plant experiment on the space station in July.

Plant Habitat-04 is one of the most complex plant experiments on the orbiting laboratory to date because peppers take much longer to grow than the previous experiment plants. After growing for four months, the peppers were harvested on Friday.

Peppers provide a great source of vitamin C, as well as other key nutrients. Pepper plants self-pollinate, so they are easy to grow, and they are a pick-and-eat crop that doesn't have to be cooked. They are also safe to eat raw.

A side effect of life in zero gravity is that astronauts often lose some of their taste and smell, so spicy or well-seasoned foods are a favorite. Adding fresh greens or peppers to the menu allows astronauts to liven up their regular meals. But growing and tending to the plants can also produce other benefits.

Astronauts have described the joy from seeing—as well as smelling and caring for—leafy green plants on the space station that remind them of Earth.

"Growing colorful vegetables in space can have long-term benefits for physical and psychological health," said Matt Romeyn, principal investigator for the experiment." We are discovering that growing plants and vegetables with colors and smells helps to improve astronauts' well-being."

When answering a question, your silence might say more than your words. A new psychology study has found pausing before replying, even for just a few seconds, can make you seem more insincere or dishonest. That perception (感知) of dishonesty might not be too inaccurate, either. Numerous studies suggest people are slower to respond when they are not being truthful, possibly because it takes more mental work to block a truthful response or fabricate (编造) an alternative.

What's been less clear is how well our lies have been fooling people. Some studies suggest delayed answers come across as insincere to the listener. Others find no relationship between the two, and still more have found the opposite: A bit of hesitation increases our perception of sincerity. These findings are inconsistent and confusing. They are also mostly based on correlations. Even the few studies that have actually looked at causal relationships often didn't consider confusing factors that could also give away a liar or an insincere speaker.

The new research seeks to improve some of those limitations by examining thousands of people under a variety of conditions. Together, it involves more than 7, 500 individuals in a total of 14 experiments. On the whole, the authors found an immediate response was perceived as more sincere, while a delayed response, even a delay as brief as two seconds, was seen as more insincere. "Evaluating other people's sincerity is an important part of social interactions." says consumer behaviour researcher Ignazio Ziano.

"It would be unfair for the responder, such as a crime suspect, if the response delay was misattributed to (错误地归因于) thought suppression (抑制) or answer fabrication when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful." explains Ziano.

People say water can improve health and memory. But now some experts say that to think drinking water equals health is taking things too far and that hydration (水合作用) is about the balance between electrolytes (电解质) like sodium and the water in your body.

Then how much water do you need to drink? Many say you should drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day. Not so, some experts say.  A 200-pound person who hikes 10 miles in the heat needs more water than a 120-pound office manager in a temperature-controlled building.

 Someone with a heart condition or kidney stones has one level of need. A person taking diurelie drugs (利尿药) may need a different amount of water. You may need to change the amount you are drinking if you have been ill with vomiting or diarrhea.

Water is a better choice than sugary sodas or fruit juices.  One popular idea is that caffeine or alcohol will make your body lose much water. But one study showed the effect is not significant. You also get water from what you eat. Fruits, vegetables, and soups all add to the intake of water. Your body will tell you if you are hydrated enough. You don't have to think about it or add up the ounces you drink.  

Electrolytes are essential minerals.  Some sports drinks ads say you need to add electrolytes to stay healthy. But some experts say that your body produces electrolytes. You may need more water if you exercise a lot during the heat of the day. Otherwise, most people get enough electrolytes from food.

In high school Norman Greenstein was a productive doodler (涂鸦手), and created lots of paintings. When he1his works to his teacher, the teacher responded, "The problem with modern art is that you can2on a canvas (画布) and call it art. "Norman felt so disappointed, but he3parted with art over the years.

After his4, Norman spared no efforts to5his wife and three children with devotion. Although life was sometimes hard for him, it didn't ruin his 6for creative expression. After being diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, the 65-year-old social worker, decided to turn his7diagnosis into a positive opportunity to8a lifelong dream.

With the help of his son, Norman was able to start a9involving his whole family, in order to make his own works10by all people around him, as well as his 11experience of fighting against Parkinson's disease.

In 2021, an online12was launched to feature the colorful canvases and he also13a memoir (回忆录) called Spit on a Canvas: the Journey of the Parkinson's Painter. Meanwhile, Norman began selling his first paintings, with galleries exhibiting his works. The team is also14releasing Norman's first digital NFT art collection. 20% of the15has been donated to two Parkinson's research foundations.

Known as China's national opera, Beijing Opera, also  (call) Peking Opera, which originated in the late 18th century, is a combination of music, dance, art and acrobatics (杂技). It is the most  (influence) and representative of all operas in China. It is called Beijing Opera  it is formed in Beijing. Beijing Opera has  history of 200 years and its origin can date back to old local operas, especially Anhui Opera,  was very popular in northern China in the 18th century. In 1790, the first Anhui Opera performance  (hold) in Beijing to celebrate the Emperor's birthday.

Later, some other Anhui Opera troupes (班子) continued performing in Beijing. Anhui Opera was easy  (move) and good at absorbing the acting styles of other types of operas. Beijing accumulated many local operas,  (make) Anhui Opera improve quickly.

 the beginning of the 20th century, Beijing Opera finally formed, and became the (big) of all operas in China.

1）活动的目的

2）活动的内容（绿色出行，节约用水用电等）

3）活动的反响

注意：1）写作词数应为80左右；

2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Often, when he came to visit, my grandfather would bring me a present. These were never the sorts of things that other people brought, such as dolls, books or toys. My dolls and toys have been gone for more than half a century, but many of my grandfather's gifts are still with me. Once he brought me a little plastic cup. I looked inside, expecting to see something special. But there was only some loose soil in it, which made me disappointed. He smiled at me affectionately. Turning around, he picked up a little teapot from my dolls' tea set and took me to the kitchen where he filled the little cup with water. Back in the living room, he put it on the windowsill (窗台) and handed me the teapot. "If you promise to put some water in the cup every day, something may happen." he told me.

At that time, I was only five years old. This whole thing made no sense to me at all. I looked at him doubtfully and asked, "Do I have to water it every day? What will happen?" He nodded to me with encouragement, "Yes, every day, dear."

And so I promised. At first, curious to see what would happen, I did not mind doing this. But as the days went by and nothing changed, it got harder and harder to remember to put water in the cup. After a week, I asked my grandfather if it was time to stop yet. Shaking his head no, he said, "Every day." The second week was even harder, and I became regretful of my promise to put water in the cup. When my grandfather came again, I tried to give it back to him, but he refused to take it, saying simply the same words, "Every day." By the third week, I began to forget to put water in the cup during the day. Often, I would remember only after I had been put to bed and would have to get out of bed and water it in the dark. But I did not miss a single day.

注意：1）续写词数应为150左右；

2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。