选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When Gertrude Grew Great
Gertrude was just an average kid with an average life.At home,she helped out just enough to slide by.At school,she did just enough homework to stay out of 1 .She had straight C's in all of her classes.
One day Gertrude's teacher stopped her after class."Gertrude,"he said,"I've seen the work you do in class,and some of it is 2 ."Gertrude knew there were moments when she did try a little harder than what everyone 3 ,like when she took extra time with her homework to make it look fancy.But she didn't really believe that she could change.She had done just enough to 4 for so long.In fact,she was scared by the thought of having the power to become whatever she wanted.
That night,Gertrude had a dream.It was ten years into the future.She could not find an average job,because even the average jobs were5 by above-average workers.Gertrude wanted her own place,her own life.A voice spoke in the dream:"The present is nothing more than the6 of the choices made in the past.
The future will only be the results of the choices we make today."Gertrude began crying,because she knew she had helped7 the world where she lived,and the choices she made had produced the options she had.
The next day,she tried harder in school,and she felt8 than usual.She helped more around the house,and she felt better than typical.Soon the pattern of Success 9 that of being normal and Gertrude even became great at failing by learning from her mistakes.Ten years later,Gertrude lived in an average sized house
and she was just the average adult.But her 10 was above average,because her life was hers.
Jules Verne(1828-1905)is regarded as one of the fathers of science fiction.
He (pen)54 novels as part of his"Extraordinary Voyages"series.Many of his stories feature a brilliant but mad scientist inventions ultimately bring more harm than good.Captain Nemo uses his submarine to violently attack ships, while Dr.Sarrasin's utopian city (become)the target of a takeover plot. For Verne,human nature was the factor that determined technology would be a force for good or a source of destruction.
The International Museum Day represents a unique moment for the international museum community. (organise)each year on 18 May,the celebrations can last a day,a weekend or a whole week.On this day, (participate) museums plan creative events and highlight the importance of the role of museums as institutions.Now,participation in International Museum Day (grow) among museums all over the world.
The summers of my childhood were (stick)hot.At night,we ran window fans and hoped for cooler air.But those summer nights seem pleasant compared with the extraordinary heat waves nowadays.Till this summer,thousands of new records(set)not just for daily high temperatures,but also for warmest overnight lows.Hot nights are dangerous they rob people of the chance to cool down before the next burning day.
Student Volunteer Internships 2023-2024
A limited number of unpaid internships(实习)are available in Washington,D.C. within the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency's(EPA)Office of Water.You must be a full-time undergraduate or graduate student.A diversity of candidates within various felds of study are encouraged to apply,including degree candidates in the following subjects:
·Hydrology,aquatic biology,marine science,environmental engineering,geology,meteorology,soil science,etc
·Public health,toxicology,sanitation,environmental justice,etc
·Public administration,finance,management,communications,etc.
Candidates should have a demonstrated interest or career goals in a water-health or public-health related field,including sustainability and resilience.Demanded qualities include strong analytical,written and oral skills,the ability to work independently and on a team,and a strong desire to take initiative.
The volunteer intern will work for a minimum of 12 weeks on a full-time(40 hours per week)or part-time(20 hours per week)schedule.Participants will not be paid,but are qualified to apply for a travelling expense.Participants do not become EPA employees during their stay.
Applications will be accepted on a rolling basis;however,most projects will arise for internship opportunities during the Summer Semester.Please submit your application at least 2 months before each semester begins.We recognize that timeframes may vary due to class schedules and we will work with individual candidates to specify exact timing and duration as necessary.The general timeframes by semester are as follows:
Summer Semester(late May through late August)
Fall Semester(September through December)
Spring Semester(January through April)
To apply,email a resume,cover letter,and a short writing sample(maximum 5
pages)to: braschayko. kelley@ epa.gov.
At an airport I overheard an old man and his daughter in their last moments together.They had announced her plane's departure and standing near the door,he said to his daughter,"I love you,I wish you enough."
She said,"Daddy,our life together has been more than enough.Your love is all I ever needed.I wish you enough,too,Daddy."They kissed good-bye and she left.
He walked over toward the window where I was seated.Standing there I could see he wanted and needed to cry.I tried not to intrude on his privacy,but he welcomed me in by asking,"Did you ever say good-bye to someone knowing it would be forever?""Yes,I have,"Ireplied.
Saying that brought back memories I had of expressing my love and appreciation for all my Dad had done for me.Recognizing that his days were limited,I took the time to tell him face to face how much he meant to me.So I knew what this man was experiencing.
"Forgive me for asking,but why is this a forever good-bye?"I asked.
"I am old and she lives much too far away.I have challenges ahead and the reality is,her next trip back will be for my funeral,"he said.
"When you were saying good-bye I heard you say,'I wish you enough.'May I
ask what that means?"
He began to smile."That's a wish that has been handed down from other generations.My parents used to say it to everyone."He paused for a moment and looking up as if trying to remember it in detail,he smiled even more.
"When we said 'I wish you enough',we were wanting the other person to have a life filled with enough good things to sustain them,"he continued and then turning
toward me,he shared the following as if he were reciting it from memory.
"I wish you enough sun to keep your attitude bright.I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun more.I wish you enough happiness to keep your spirit alive.I wish you enough pain so that the smallest joys in life appear much bigger.I wish you enough gain to satisfy your wanting.I wish you enough loss to appreciate all that you possess.I wish enough 'Hellos' to get you through the final‘Good-bye'."
A,he was guilty for not loving his daughter enough
B,his daughter didn't care about him as expected
C,he had a slim chance to see his daughter again
D,his daughter's parting words made him sad
The violence of shaking from an earthquake is usually focused in the direction the quake is traveling.But a boomerang quake may spread the intense shaking across a wider zone.The new study, published today in the journal Nature Geoscience,is a major step toward clearing up the complex physics behind boomerang quakes and understanding their potential damage.
The latest boomerang was recorded near the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic in 2016.By examining the position of the epicenter(震中)and the energy released by each shaking phase,Stephen Hicks,an earthquake seismologist at the Imperial College London and first author of the new study,identified what seemed to be two steps of the quake:The quake initially headed eastward,but then turned back west. "This was weird,"he says.This second leg of the quake moved remarkably quickly, at so-called supershear speeds.The quake unzipped the surface at an estimated 11,000 miles per hour—fast enough to dart from New York to London in 18.5 minutes,so fast that it caused the geologic version of a sonic boom.
How often does this happen?A boomerang quake at supershear speeds,as Hicks and his team observed in the Atlantic,may be a fairly rare type.But wider evidence of boomerang quakes is mounting.These back-tracking events have been studied in computer models as well as simulated in lab experiments."The theory says that it's there,but it's quite difficult to see that [in the real world],"says Hicks.The 2016 earthquake in Kumamoto also seems to have ruptured(破裂)in a similar process.For that event,the initial shake triggered two other quakes,one of which raced backward to partially overlap the initial break.
Understanding when and why these boomerang events happen is vital to grappling with risks earthquakes present."Studies like this help us understand how past earthquakes ruptured,how future earthquakes may rupture,and how that relates to the potential impact for faults(断层)near populated areas,"says Hicks.
These boomerangs maybe obscured by conventional approaches used to analyze quakes,which are based on an assumption that a quake rushes in one direction. "Naturally we're not looking for it,we don't expect it to exist,"Hicks says.Yet for earthquakes,it seems,complexities might be the norm rather than the exception.As Hicks puts it:"The more and more we look at earthquakes in more detail,of course we see stranger things."
threatens our very survival.,If the entire world reaches the levels of consumption seen in high-income countries today,we'll need multiple planet Earths to supply the resources,The absurd(荒谬的)idea of infinite growth within a finite territory is at the heart of our economic system.
To keep this machine running,formal education generates ever more efficient "human capital",Increasing productivity metrics(指标)rather than the individuality of students drives our civilization's approach to schooling our young people Whereas the Sustainable Development Goals call for turning education into a force for sustainability,the opposite is often true:The ways Western societies have come to think about education undermine our ability to deal with the environmental crisis.To get through this crisis,we need to cultivate our imagination,not undermine it.
Growing up,none of my schooling fostered my ability to imagine a world different from what I saw around me.Besides,I realize the suppression(抑制)of children's imagination doesn't take place only in underresourced communities,but in"elite"institutions that tout"critical thinking".Schools want to see their graduates succeed,and success is too often about maintaining current structures—not about reimagining their foundations.
Essentially,our education systems shape children in the image of artificial intelligence.The perfect"worker",AI,continually improves its own productivity but doesn't challenge the larger structures within which it operates.It is one of the great paradoxes of our time that we invest so much into building supercomputers while marginalizing the imaginative potential of millions of human brains.What's more, we even put our hope in solving the environmental crisis on AI.But AI,like our other technologies,can only treat the symptoms of the environmental crisis,not the causes
Throughout history,achievers of great change have relied on their imaginations to address fundamental flaws in society.In my country of birth,communists kept their dreams of democracy alive for decades by imagining different futures.In South Africa,Nelson Mandela's followers had to be radical(激进的)in their imagination to create a vision of a fairer society.Imagining democracy when living under a totalitarian regime(极权主义政权)isn't that different from imagining degrowth when living in a world of infinite growth,
The kind of intelligence that Nelson Mandela and such possessed was not artificial.The ability toreimagine the future and disrupt the current situation remains a distinctly human quality.Unlike AI,children are naturally imaginative and question the premises of society.In my research,I have observed that younger children are often the most radical in imagining different futures.
As long as our imagination is curtailed,ideas like degrowth sound utopian(乌托 邦 的 )to many,Cultivating imagination means learning from history's disrupters who made the impossible possible.Instead of dismissing"childish"ideas about the world's future,it means seeing inspiration in children's imaginations.In an education system that celebrates imagination,arts and creativity are as important as math and science.Idealism coexists with pragmatism.The environmental crisis is not a crisis of technology or science,it is a crisis ofimagination.If we let children be our guides,we might be able to imagine our way to survival.
What CameFirst,the Chicken or the Egg?
Chickens are one of the most economically important animals in the world today. ,Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries,once believed to be evidence of early chíckens,actually belong to wild birds,
Now,in a new publication,an international team of archaeologists,historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production.Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years,the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. .It was this trait of productive egg laying,the researchers argue,that made the domestic chicken so attractive to ancient peoples
.They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road.They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs. The identification of these shell fragments as chickens,and their abundance at each site,led the researchers to an important conclusion. .In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch(窝). This is the earliest evidence for the loss of seasonal egg laying yet identified in the archaeological record.Meanwhile,it is an important clue for better understanding the mutualistic(共生的)relationships between humans and animals that resulted in domestication
Taken together,the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the
chicken and the egg. .
A.To reach these conclusions,the team did a lot of work.
B.The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season.
C.Yet,the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear.
D.Research shows chickens were bred throughout southern Central Asia,and were spread along the ancient Silk Road.
E.The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor,the red jungle fowl
F.They argue that the loss of seasonal egg laying was the main drive for the spread of domestic chickens across Eurasia and northeast Africa
G.As the evidence in Central Asia suggests,the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today,
What We Really Know About ASMR
If you spend time on YouTube or TikTok,you may have come across videos of someone whispering into a microphone,carefully slicing stacks of slime,or slowly ripping strips of paper.These videos are designed to trigger an autonomous sensory meridian(经络)response,or ASMR,a pleasant feeling that travels from the top of the head down the back of the neck to the upper spine.
Watching videos that trigger ASMR is thought to lead to positive responses throughout the body including enhanced mood,relaxation,and even pain relief.But can you really achieve these benefits just by watching a short video?A systematic review published seeks to answer that question.German researchers combined the data from 54 studies to better help us understand ASMR and its effects.
But first,where did this idea come from?There are references to feelings similar to ASMR in classic literature dating back to the early 1900s.The contemporary definitions of ASMR sprang from a discussion forum on a health-focused website in 2007.A YouTuber named Jennifer Allen coined the term in 2010.
Based on the previous studies,the researchers concluded that examples of triggers include whispering,tapping,and natural sounds,and it is important to note that specific triggers of ASMR and the intensity of the response vary widely by individuals.They also explored its benefits.Clear evidence shows that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety.Data also shows that it can improve short-term memory.In specific cases,participants watching ASMR videos had lower heart rates and blood pressure,physical signals of relaxation.In addition,they found that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns associated with relaxation and stress relief.
Despite the encouraging results,the authors noted that many of the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack of diversity among participants; more research is needed to truly understand the impacts of ASMR.
Luckily,it's true that watching sensory videos of people brushing their hair,whispering,and making soft repetitive noises can lead to relaxation and stress relief.The best thing about ASMR is that there are minimal side effects.So if you're feeling anxious or stressed,it might be worth watching a few minutes of ASMR videos to see if they help!
>Although triggers of ASMR are different,they may cause reactions ofsimilar intensity among different people.