1. (2019·普陀模拟) Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

Don't Drop the Ball

    Drop prevention risk assessment is really important. Everyone knows objects get dropped on work sites – there's nothing radical about that. In Australia, mining has the third highest fatality rate of any industry (4.4 fatalities per 100,000 workers in 2015), and in less well-documented areas like India the fatality rate is even higher. A lot of these fatalities come from dropped objects. It's worth trying to address this and work out just how big the risk is and where it comes from. At the end of the day, safety should be a priority in any industry and it should come as no surprise that addressing safety issues early can actually save money, long-term, for companies. It doesn't look good for a mining company if people are getting injured and equipment damaged from falling objects.

    The risks from dropped objects come from all sorts of areas; it's not just a matter of dropped tools. We're talking about sites characterized by a lot of activities, where all sorts of things can come loose or fall, whether its light fittings or objects like rocks falling off transporting belts. The risks are largely personal but are also financial: if a piece of equipment gets damaged it will need replacing. That's a pretty strong inspiration for companies to address these risks. In terms of frequency, here in Australia we're looking at around 18% of compensation claims coming from workers being hit by moving objects, but those are just the claims – the frequency is likely higher. Around 28% of deaths and injuries come from such incidents, too. As I said earlier, that's just Australia; some industries don't keep statistics, but I wouldn't be surprised to find other countries report comparable rates. That's a lot of accidents that could be prevented with adequate safety measures.

    It's important to take an active approach. It's a lot easier and cheaper to address these risks during the installation or maintenance phases by adding barriers to the inside of guard railings on walkways and transporting systems and adding nets to fixed devices. There are safety mechanisms available, but it's up to the companies to install them. It is a lot more efficient to add barriers right from the start rather than waiting for an accident and then thinking, "Should we be safer?", when they should have reduced these risks from the start.

1. （1） Why is drop prevention risk assessment important?

   A . People seldom knows the extent of risk. B . Many bosses consider their reputation. C . Many deaths are caused by falling objects. D . Companies need to save a lot of money.
3. （2） What sorts of risks from dropped objects are there in the mining industry?

   A . Light devices on the transporting belt. B . Personal injury and equipment damage. C . Safety issues and corporate development. D . Compensation claims and statistics.
5. （3） Which of the following statistical statements is true?

   A . The frequency is higher though some industries do not have statistics. B . Some 46 percent of deaths and injuries resulted from such incidents. C . Four out of ten people died in incidents like this every year. D . There have been more incidents in Australia than anywhere else.
7. （4） What is suggested by the author to reduce the risks?

   A . To find a security mechanism. B . To reduce the use of tools. C . To replace the damaged equipment. D . To install some security equipment.