1. (2019·如皋模拟) 阅读理解

    You know those nutrition guidelines the government issues every few years? It turns out that following them isn't just good for your health. It's good for the planet, too.

    " What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the high­impact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally recommended diet, despite the fact that these diets don't mention explicitly—or most of them don't explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that. So that's sort of fairly clear across all the high­income nations." said Paul Behrens, an environmental scientist at Leiden University in the Netherlands.

    The food we eat takes a big toll on the environment. A third of the ice­free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human­caused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico.

    However, following dietary guidelines would reduce those impacts, especially in wealthy countries like the US. "Most of the reductions come from meat and dairy," which have an outsized impact on land use and pollution, and are a major source of greenhouse gases.(That's partly due to cow farts. Seriously.) Following the suggestions would also mean eating fewer calories, since many people here eat more than they need.

    Overall, in high­income countries, Behren's team estimates that following the rules could result in as much as a 17 percent reduction in land use, a 21 percent reduction in nutrient pollution, and a 25 percent drop in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Cutting down on how much food we waste—which is roughly a third in the US—could help even more. The results are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

    Of course, people are notoriously bad at following diets. But: "These nationally recommended guidelines do actually have a knock­on effect on other areas of policy making. So if I'm developing a new healthy­eating­for­schools program then that's going to be based off a lot of detail that I get from the nationally recommended guidelines. So while it might not necessarily be the case that people follow directly …they actually are quite influential on the preparation of other advice."

    It seems that a smaller environmental footprint and a healthier lifestyle could go hand in hand.

1. （1） Which of the following statement will Paul Behrens approve of?

   A . Following a nationally recommended diet can have similar impacts in different countries. B . Following a nationally recommended diet can do good to our health. C . Not all the countries have recommended diets in an explicit manner. D . Some high­income nations don't mention the diet explicitly for its impacts can be ignored.
3. （2） What do the underlined words " takes a big toll on"  in paragraph 3 probably mean?

   A . shows signs of B . has a bad effect on C . takes full advantage of D . makes up for
5. （3） Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

   A . Food production can lead to about 20 percent of human­caused greenhouse gas with only a third of the ice­free land used. B . It is estimated that following dietary guidelines can lead to decrease in more land use than in nutrient pollution. C . Paul Behrens' new program concerning healthy eating for schools is likely to be based on national nutrition guidelines. D . Some wealthy countries tend to reduce meat and dairy though the other areas of policy making isn't effected much.