England, Scotland and Wales are on an island in the north—west of Europe called the Great Britain. The Great Britain together with Northern Ireland is called the United Kingdom, or the UK.
England is the largest part of the UK. Its name comes from people called the Angles, who came from Germany 1500 years ago. About 53 million on people live in England and the capital city is London.
Scotland is in the north of Britain. Over 5 million people live in Scotland. The highest mountain in the UK is in Scotland. It is called Ben Nevis and is 1,345 meters tall. The capital city of Scotland is Edinburgh and the largest city is Glasgow.
Wales is in the west of Britain. About 3 million people live there and about 20% of them speak Welsh. Welsh is one of the oldest languages in Europe. The Welsh flag has a picture of a dragon. The capital of Wales is Cardiff.
Northern Ireland is a part of Ireland, an island west of Britain. Nearly 2 million people live there. The Giant's Causeway is a popular place to visit. There are huge rocks made by lava (火山岩), but an old story says that a giant built it. The capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast.