1. 根据材料内容，选择正确答案。

    Life is full of surprises and you never know how things will turn out.

Sir John Gurdon is a good example of this. As a boy, he was told he was hopeless at science and finished bottom of his class. Now, aged 79, the very same Gurdon shared the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Japanese stem cell(干细胞) researcher Shinya Yamanaka.

Like so many scientists, Gurdon shows us where the power of curiosity and perseverance(坚持不懈) can lead.

At the age of 15 in 1948, Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys at his high school in biology and every other science subject. Gurdon's high school science teacher even said that his dream of becoming a scientist was "quite ridiculous".

In spite of his teacher's criticisms, Gurdon followed his curiosity and kept working hard. He went to the lab early and left later than anyone else. He experienced thousands of failures.

    "My own belief is that we will, in the end, understand everything about how cells actually work." Gurdon said.

    In 1962, Gurdon took a cell from an adult frog and moved its genetic(基因的) information into an egg cell. The egg cell then grew into a clone(克隆) of the adult frog. This technique later helped to create Dolly the sheep in 1996, the first cloned mammal(哺乳动物) in the world.

    In 2006, Gurdon's work was developed by Yamanaka to show that a sample(样本) of a person's skin can be used to create stem cells. Using this technique, doctors can repair a patient's heart after a heart attack.

    "Luck favors the prepared mind, "Gurdon told the Nobel Prize Organization." Ninety percent of the time things don't work, but when they do, you have to seize(抓住) the chance. "

1. （1） Who won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine?

   A . Sir John Gurdon. B . Shinya Yamanaka.   C . Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka. D . Gurdon's science teacher.
3. （2） In what order are the followings mentioned in the passage?

   a. create the sheep Dolly

   b. take a cell from an adult frog

   c. use a person's skin to create stem cells

   d. move a frog's skin to create stem cells

   e. grow into a clone of a frog

   A . b—a—c—d—e B . b—d—e—a—c C . b—d—a—c—e D . b—e—d—a—c
5. （3） What does the underlined word "ridiculous" mean?

   A . 无知的    B . 荒废的 C . 荒谬的 D . 无畏的
7. （4） According to the passage, which statement is true?

   A . As a boy, he was told he was hopeful. B . He ranked first at his high school in biology. C . It's impossible for the doctors to repair a patient's heart after a heart attack. D . In spite of his teacher's criticisms, he kept working hard.
9. （5） What's the main idea of the passage?

   A . Ninety percent of the time things don't work. B . Luck favors the prepared mind. C . Life is full of surprises. D . How to know cells actually work.