1. (2020·崇明模拟) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

    A growing number of American states are requiring schools to teach students "media literacy" skills. California is the latest state to pass such a requirement. Media literacy, also known as news literacy, is the ability to use critical thinking skills to recognize differences between real and "fake" news.

    The new law requires California's Department of Education to provide materials related to media literacy on its website. Its goal is to give students a set of effective tools to "enable them to make informed decisions".

    The media literacy efforts were based on a Stanford University study from 2016. It found that 80 percent of U.S. middle school students failed to recognize an advertisement that looked like a real news story. The researchers also found that high school students had trouble telling the difference between a real and a fake news website.

    The study called for more efforts to help students recognize false information on the internet. It said that young people also need the skills to find out where news stories come from, and to be able to judge the trustworthiness of sources and writers.

    Carolyn Edy is a professor of communication at Appalachian State University in North Carolina. She said she has seen a clear change in her students' abilities to judge news sources. Edy said that when students used to read printed newspapers, it was easier for them to recognize fact from opinion. Now, it's necessary to teach students how to fully examine websites.

    One of Edy's goals is to teach students how to research the news organizations responsible for the stories they are reading. One way to do this is for students to ask a series of questions. One example is, "What is the overall mission of the organization?"

    Edy said young people also need to judge whether news organizations identify any possible conflicts of interest. Another question to ask is, "What do they do when they get a story wrong?" Responsible and trustworthy news organizations issue corrections if something is falsely reported, she said.

    Edy added that one good thing to come out of the rise of misinformation and fake news is that it has made many people seek out good reporting.

1. （1） The new law passed in California mainly aims at __________.

   A . helping students identify fake news B . improving students' critical thinking skills C . offering students real information D . enabling students to make quick decisions
3. （2） Why does the author mention the Stanford University study?

   A . To present the details of the law. B . To provide a set of tools for the law. C . To show the reason behind the law. D . To indicate the efforts based on the law.
5. （3） Which is a way suggested by Carolyn Edy for students to judge the trustworthiness of a news organization?

   A . Identifying the conflicts of interest in it. B . Correcting its falsely reported news stories. C . Learning about its background information. D . Asking a series of questions about its news.
7. （4） The passage mainly tells us that media literacy ____________.

   A . can contribute to the rise of good news reporting B . is becoming much more important with the law passed C . can improve American students' understanding of news D . is increasingly recognized as essential for students in the US