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1.
(2021高三上·肥城开学考)
某兴趣小组测量一缓冲装置中弹簧的劲度系数,缓冲装置如图所示,固定在斜面上的透明有机玻璃管与水平面夹角为30°,弹簧固定在有机玻璃管底端。实验过程如下:先沿管轴线方向固定一毫米刻度尺,再将单个质量为200g的钢球(直径略小于玻璃管内径)逐个从管口滑进,每滑进一个钢球,待弹簧静止,记录管内钢球的个数n和弹簧上端对应的刻度尺示数
,数据如表所示。实验过程中弹簧始终处于弹性限度内。采用逐差法计算弹簧压缩量,进而计算其劲度系数。
n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 8.04 | 10.03 | 12.05 | 14.07 | 16.11 | 18.09 |
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利用
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmtext%3Ei%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Ei%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmtext%3Ei%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Ei%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
计算弹簧的压缩量:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E6.03%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Ecm%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E6.08%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Ecm%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
cm,压缩量的平均值
cm;
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上述
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmover+accent%3D%22true%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3E%CE%94%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo+stretchy%3D%22true%22%3E%C2%AF%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmover%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
是管中增加
个钢球时产生的弹簧平均压缩量;
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忽略摩擦,重力加速度g取
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E9.80%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,该弹簧的劲度系数为
N/m。(结果保留3位有效数字)
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