The brain drain is characterized as the emigration of highly skilled laborers to other countries. In the EU countries such as Poland, Italy and Portugal are especially affected by the brain drain, while other countries such as Sweden, Ireland and Denmark notice the opposite effect, namely brain gain.
There are both push and pull factors affecting the brain drain. Pull factors include higher employment rates, higher salary and an increase in quality of life, while the push factors are high youth unemployment and high enterprise death rates.
These effects include a reduction in human capital, limited capacity to innovate, reduced economic growth, and a higher cost of public goods. There are positive side effects as well, such as return migration and incentives (动机) for investment in education.
This calls for a territorial approach. The European Committee of the Regions, therefore, suggests that local and regional authorities develop instruments and promote measures to increase the attractiveness of the regions facing the brain drain. They should also set up local alliances (联盟).
The brain drain's negative effects have been key concerns of the EU. As current economic and social differences between European regions are the main cause of the brain drain, the need for a strong association between Europe's cohesion (凝聚) policies has been stressed. This will also help in adopting the measures expected to fight against the problem of the brain drain including investing in education and employment in European regions.
A study launched by an organization of the EU analyzed several programs across Europe. These are steps like understanding the need for skilled workers, creating mechanisms for cooperation between governments, corporations and universities, removing structural barriers, etc.
A. It is a problem faced by many parts of Europe.
B. These can help in drafting and carrying out local policies.
C. The brain drain can have a negative impact on the sending region.
D. Brain waste happens in the meantime in most European countries.
E. Two of the key objectives are also necessary to reduce the brain drain.
F. It came up with a list of best practices for fighting against the brain drain.
G. Such a policy should help in promoting an even development across the regions of Europe.
