1. (2022八下·杭州期中) 阅读理解

We like to believe that before we make a decision, most of the time, we take time to consider all the facts carefully. However, experts believe that only 5% of our decisions are based on a rational (理性的) thought process. So, what influences our decision﹣making process?

We often leave decision﹣making to our instincts (本能). Scientists have found out that if we had the choice, we like to avoid pain rather than get something. In fact, we're twice as happy when we try to avoid a bad situation than when we experience a good one. This is why when companies send ads, they use phrases like "How to avoid." "Don't miss out!" etc.

There are also physical reasons that influence our decision﹣making. Psychologist John Bargh carried on an experiment where people were asked what they thought of a fictional person, while holding a cold or a hot cup of coffee. Those holding the hot cup believed the person to be warmer and more sociable than those holding the cold cup. So, when temperatures rise, the more likely we are to believe in strangers.

Stress is another thing which influences our decisions. Different situations are more or less stressful for different people. Researchers have found, though, that women are more conservative (保守的)about decisions when stressed, while men are to make riskier choices.

It may come as a surprise but every day from the minute we get up, we have to make countless decisions, like what to wear, what coffee to have and so on. Each choice makes our brain a little bit more tired, and this influences our decision﹣making, too. That's why important people, like presidents wearing the same three suits all the time, want to limit the small choices and spend more brain power on the bigger ones.

1. （1） What can we learn from the passage?

   A . We makes most of the decisions after our careful thinking. B . People are likely to be happier to avoid something bad. C . As the temperature is low, we are likely to believe others. D . People usually have risky decisions under heavy pressure.
3. （2） What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

   A . Every day we have to make lots of big decisions B . People sometimes judge a person by what he wears. C . What people wear influences their decision making. D . Making fewer decisions helps to save brain power.
5. （3） What's the purpose of the passage?

   A . Tell us what influences decision﹣making. B . Advise people to make rational decisions. C . Warn people not to make risky decisions. D . Show disadvantages of rational decisions.
7. （4） Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

   A . B . C . D .