1. (2023高二下·威远开学考) 阅读理解

Of the 7 billion people on Earth, roughly 6 billion own a cellphone, which is pretty shocking, given that only 4.5 billion have access to a working toilet.

So how are cellphones changing us? On average, people spend 4. 7 hours a day looking at their phone. Combined with the length of time spent in front of computers, this has led to an increase in the nearsightedness. In North America, in the 1970s about 1/4 of the population had nearsightedness, where today nearly half do; and in some parts of Asia, 80 — 90% of the population is now nearsighted.

And it can be hard to put your phone down, take for example the game Candy Crush. As you play the game, you achieve small goals causing your brain to be rewarded with little bursts of dopamine, and eventually, you are rewarded with new contents of the game. This novelty also gives little bursts of dopamine, and they together create what is known as a "compulsion loop", which just happens to be the same loop responsible for the behavior associated with nicotine or cocaine. According to a recent study, 93% of young people aged 18—29 report using their smartphones to avoid boredom. Without their phones, they may suffer "nomophobia"—the fear or anxiety of being without their phones.

Your smartphone can also disrupt your sleep! The screen produces a blue light which has been shown to change our biological clock, reducing the time spent in deep sleep, which is linked to the development of diabetes, cancer, and obesity.

Of course, smartphones also completely change our ability to access information, most notably in poor and minority populations. 7% of Americans are entirely dependent on smartphones for their access to the Internet.

So while phones are in no way totally bad, and have been a part of positive change in the world, there's no denying that they are changing us.

1. （1） Why does the writer mention the near-sighted population in paragraph 2?

   A . To call on people to stop using cellphones. B . To demonstrate the bad influence cellphones have on our eyes. C . To show the eyesight differences between westerners and Asians. D . To warn us that shortsightedness caused by computers is becoming worse.
3. （2） How does a man with "nomophobia" probably feel if his phone isn't accessible?

   A . Anxious. B . Energetic. C . Addicted. D . Excited.
5. （3） How do cellphones influence our sleep according to the writer?

   A . They provide too much exciting information that makes us sleepless. B . They produce a special light that can cause less deep sleeping time. C . They can lead to serious diseases related to sleeping problems. D . They have clocks that ring too loud for us to fall asleep.
7. （4） Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

   A . How Do Cellphones Change Us? B . Put Down Your Cellphone Now! C . Can We Live Without Cellphones? D . Don't Let Cellphones Ruin Your Eyes!