1.
(2023·合肥模拟)
一种由铜阳极泥(主要成分有Se、
、
等,还含有少量的Au、Pt等贵金属)提取Se,同时回收Ag和Cu的工艺流程如下图所示。
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/03/02/86/6a/866aba38de168c0fd51b699d5397e2e2_704x281.png)
已知:①硒的沸点685℃,在空气中加热时会被氧化。
②在该工艺条件下,有关金属离子开始沉淀和恰好沉淀完全的pH如下表:
金属离子
|
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Eu%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
|
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EM%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3En%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
|
开始沉淀的pH
|
4.0
|
8.1
|
恰好沉淀完全的pH
|
6.7
|
10.1
|
回答下列问题:
-
(1)
为了提高“浸出”效果,可采取的措施有(写出一种合理措施);浸出渣的主要成分是。
-
-
(2)
工业上铜阳极泥还可以用浓硫酸浸出,从产物角度分析其缺点是。
-
-
(3)
铜阳极泥中的硒元素主要以
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ee%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
形式留在浸出液中,写出Se单质在“浸出”时反应的离子方程式
。
-
-
(4)
“沉硒”所得粗硒可采用真空蒸馏的方法提纯,采用真空蒸馏的目的是。
-
-
(5)
加入NaOH进行“沉铜”处理,调节溶液pH的范围是。
-
-
(6)
已知:常温下,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EK%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EK%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ep%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。“溶浸”时发生反应的离子方程式为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EA%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%87%8C%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%5B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EA%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%5D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 常温下,该反应的平衡常数K=
。
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(7)
“还原”时,工业上常用HCHO在碱性下还原
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%5B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EA%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%5D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
得到Ag,反应后所得滤液3可进入
操作中循环利用(填流程中操作名称)。
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