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  • 1. (2023高一下·兴宁月考) 阅读理解

    A large analysis looked at hundreds of factors that might influence the risk of heart failure and found one dietary factor in particular that was associated with a lower risk:drinking coffee.

    The analysis included extensive, decades-long data from three large health studies with 21, 361 participants, and used a method called machine learning that uses computers to find meaningful patterns in large amounts of data.

    "Usually, researchers pick things that they suspect would be risk factors for heart failure - smoking, for example - and then look at smokers vs nonsmokers, " said the senior author, Dr. David P. Kao at the University of Colorado. "But machine learning identifies variables(变量) that are predictive of either increased or decreased risk, but that you haven't necessarily thought of. "

    Using this technique, Dr. Kao and his colleagues found 204 variables that were associated with the risk of heart failure. Then they looked at the 41 strongest factors, which included smoking, blood pressure and the consumption of various foods. In all studies, coffee drinking was associated more strongly than any other dietary factor with a decreased long-term risk of heart failure.

    Drinking a cup a day or less had zero effect, but two cups a day contributed to a 31 percent reduced risk, and three cups reduced the risk by 29 percent. There were not enough subjects who drank more than three cups daily to know if more coffee would decrease the risk further.

    The study was not able to account for different types of coffee or brewing(冲泡)methods, or the use of additives like sugar or cream. Then should you start drinking coffee or increase the amount you already drink to reduce your risk of heart failure? "We don't know enough from the results of this study to recommend this," said Dr. Kao, adding that additional research would be needed.

    1. (1) What does machine learning do in the study?
      A . It offers a thorough analysis. B . It compares opposite factors. C . It finds patterns in limited data. D . It helps choose the participants.
    2. (2) What can be inferred from paragraph 5?
      A . One cup a day or less is healthy. B . The more coffee, the lower the risk. C . Two cups a day leads to the lowest risk. D . The ideal daily intake of coffee is unclear.
    3. (3) What is Dr. Kao's attitude to the results of the study?
      A . Skeptical. B . Worried. C . Cautious. D . Content.
    4. (4) What does the author mainly talk about in the text?
      A . A factor in lower risk of heart failure. B . A way to avoid heart failure. C . Reasons for drinking coffee. D . Benefits of coffee.

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