1. (2022高一下·上海期中) Reading comprehension

COLUMBIA, Mo. – Jilly Santos set three successive alarms on her phone, skipped breakfast, and hastily packed everything while her father drove. But last year she rarely made it to the doors of Rock Bridge High School by the first bell, at 7:50 a.m.

Then she heard that the school board was about to make the day start even earlier, at 7:20 a.m.

"I think if that happens," recalled Jilly, 17. "I will have to drop out of school. And I will complain to the end!"

The nearly 20-year movement to start high schools later has recently gained momentum as hundreds of schools in dozens of districts across the country have adopted later school starting time.

These schools have referred to the accumulating research results on the adolescent body clock.  Evidence suggests that later high school starts have widespread benefits. Researchers at the University of Minnesota found that the later a school's start time, the better off the students were on many measures, including mental health, car crash rates, attendance and, in some schools, grades and standardized test scores.

"The research was not a randomized controlled trial. Its methods were practical and findings were promising. Even schools with limited resources can make this one policy change with what appears to be benefits for their students," Dr. Elizabeth Miller said.

Researchers have found that during adolescence, as hormones (荷尔蒙) rise and the brain develops, teenagers who regularly sleep eight to nine hours a night are less likely to be tardy, get in fights or sustain athletic injuries. Sleeping well can also help to stop their tendency toward uncontrolled or risky decision-making.

During adolescence, teenagers have a later release of the "sleep" hormone melatonin (褪黑素), which means they tend not to feel sleepy until around 11 p.m. This explains mainly for their late bed time and naturally leads to late rising time. Other minor factors include the presence of electronic devices, which excites the brain and slows the onset of sleep. The Minnesota study noted that 88 percent of the students kept a cellphone in their bedroom.

But many parents object to shifting the start of the day later. They say doing so makes sports practices end late, jeopardizes student jobs and bites into time for homework.

At heart, though, experts say, the resistance is driven by mistrust about the primacy of sleep. "It's still a badge of honor to get five hours of sleep," said Dr. Judith Owens. "It supposedly means you're working harder, and that's a good thing. So there has to be a cultural shift around sleep."

1. （1） Why do many schools decide to start school later?

   A . Because they respond to complaints from students like Jilly. B . Because some students dropped out of school because of early start. C . Because they find later start brings various benefits. D . Because they would like to copy the way of other schools in districts.
3. （2） Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

   A . According to research, all the students experience higher academic grades because of later school starts. B . Enough sleep helps to prevent teenagers from making willful decisions. C . Later school starts are not suitable for schools with limited resources. D . The leading reason for students' sleeping late is the existence of mobile phones.
5. （3） The underlined word "jeopardizes" is closest in meaning to        .

   A . harms B . introduces C . frees D . exchanges
7. （4） According to experts, many parents are against late school starts mainly because          .

   A . they tend to object to all decisions schools make B . they are afraid that homework time will be cut C . they fear students will get poor test results D . they doubt the advantages of enough sleep