1. (2022高二下·上海期中) For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

One of the presents in my house this Christmas was a late 18th-century volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书). It is a window into the discoveries and thinking of the time. The encyclopaedia is an entertaining reminder of how1 some of our current truths are bound to be. Certainties in areas we haven't yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. And one of those we are still remarkably 2is the effect of food and exercise on our bodies. We're surrounded by confident 3on how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity(肥胖)，and yet the advice seems pointless while the world gets fatter. Much of what we think we know is a pile of assumptions rather than 4.

Our confusion is the theme of Spoon-Fed, a book by one of Britain's leading nutrition researchers, Tim Spector of King's College London. Its subtitle is: "Why almost everything we've been told about food is wrong." It is a call for us to 5more.

One by one Spector offers answers to recent food 6. Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 per cent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone "from heroes to villains and back again". Don't say no to all red meat on 7grounds; occasional small quantities of high-quality unprocessed meat provide important vitamins and iron and are "probably good for you". Exercise is so good for longevity and happiness that it should be considered our No 1 drug, but the one thing for which it's 8useless is losing weight. Vitamin pills are a multibillion-pound industry with almost no proven 9but which can cause real harm. Even vitamin D, which Spector used to study and believe in, he now 10.

Spector also offers more than a set of currently 11tips. The science of nutrition has not been solved by him, as he would be the first to admit. His most 12point is that there is no one size that fits all. Our bodies are complex, and our reactions are 13: yet nobody wants to pay for the research that might explain why.

Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome—the unique microbe （微生物的）combinations in our body― yes different 14for each of us, leaving some lean and two thirds of us too fat. This is the territory Spector wants to explore further and which might just allow us to 15the global trend to obesity, with all the risks we've witnessed this year.