1. (2023高一上·浦东月考) 阅读理解

In many countries of the world, people can confidently tell you the meaning of their town or city, but most people who live in Manchester, Oxford or Birmingham would not be able to explain what the name of their city means. The name of every British town and city, however, has a long history.

Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts. Even the word "Britain" is Celtic. Then the Romans arrived and built camps which became cities called "castra". This is why there are so many place names in England which end in "-chester" or "-caster"— Manchester, for example.

After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes called the Anglo-Saxons, who were from the area of Europe that is now Germany and Holland. Without the Roman army, it was impossible to protect the country from these people. The names of their villages often ended in "-ham" or "-ton". Some got their name from the leader of the village, so Birmingham, for example, means "Beormund's village".

The Anglo-Saxons were farmers and the landscape was very important to them, so we have villages called Upton ("village on a hill"— a good place to build a village) and Moreton ("village by lake", where floods could make life tough). Place names that end in "-ford" (a place where you could cross a river) also describe the location of Anglo-Saxon villages.

Twelve hundred years ago the Vikings came to England from Scandinavia. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages. These often ended in "-by" or "-thorpe". The name "Kirkby" means "a village with a church" and Scunthorpe was the village of a man called Skuma.

Finally, in 1066, England became Norman — the Normans gave us the place name "grange", which means farm.

And how about London? Experts cannot agree and give a final answer. The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first inhabitants(居民). People once believed that the United Kingdom's capital city got its name from the castle of a King called Lud, but this is very unlikely. Our guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning a fast-flowing river. However, like a number of British place names, its history is lost in time.

1. （1） According to the passage, Stratford-Avon is most likely a town ____.

   A . on a hill B . near a castle C . built beside a river D . with a church
3. （2） Which of the following shows the correct order of the arrival of inhabitants in Britain?

   A . The Celts—The Romans—The Vikings—The Normans—The Anglo Saxons. B . The Romans—The Celts—The Vikings—The Anglo Saxons—The Normans. C . The Celts—The Romans—The Anglo Saxons—The Vikings—The Normans. D . The Romans—The Anglo Saxons—The Celts—The Normans—The Vikings.
5. （3） According to the passage, where did the name for London come from?

   A . The name is from the castle of a King. B . It comes from the term for a fast-flowing river. C . The name is short for Londinium. D . It is puzzling and hard to decide for sure.