1.
(2023高三上·西峡月考)
某科技活动中想利用如图甲所示电路研究无人机电池的内阻,同时还打算测出某未知电阻
的阻值。我们提供的器材如下:
A.待测电源(电动势E约为6 V)
B.待测电阻![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
C.电阻箱![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%28%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%BC%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3E+%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CE%A9%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E%29%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
D.电压表
(量程为0~6 V,内阻约为
)
E.电压表
(量程为0~3 V,内阻约为
)
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/12/16/ae/41/ae418a458d8d7c37b87f26956c515e8b_329x137.png)
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/12/16/af/ec/afec2f5b429aed7b56372bae74ccb02e_322x145.png)
该同学实验过程如下(所有结果均保留两位有效数字):
①按图甲连接好电路。
②合上开关,调节电阻箱的阻值R , 读出电压表
和
的读数分别为
和
, 并将
和
的值填在设计好的表格中(表格未画出)。
③多次重复实验步骤②。
-
(1)
如果纵坐标表示
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 横坐标表示
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 获得图像如图乙所示,则电源内阻为
Ω。
-
-
(2)
如果纵坐标表示
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 横坐标表示
R , 实验结果的图像如图丙所示,则待测电阻
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
Ω。由于电压表均不是理想电表,待测电阻的测量值比真实值
(填“偏大”“偏小”或“不变”)。
-
-
(3)
为消除误差,实验时可以引入辅助电源
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3EE%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmtext%3E+%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 如图丁所示,闭合开关
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 调节电路中的两个滑动变阻器,使灵敏电流计G的示数为0,读出电压表读数为1.78 V,电流表A读数为0.22 A,则待测电阻的准确值为
Ω。
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