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  • 1. (2023高二上·贵阳月考) 阅读理解

    The topic of photo copyright has been widely discussed recently. It started with a photographer called Dai Jianfeng receiving an email from the Visual China Group (VCG), saying that he used photos from VCG without permission (许可). However, the photos were taken by the photographer himself. It turned out to be a misunderstanding. Dai's photos were then removed from the VCG website.

    Copyright protects an author's original works. Works are original when they are independently created by a human author and show creativity.

    "In a sense, companies like VCG protect photographers' rights," said Shen Ran, a 26-year-old photographer who knows Dai. After signing with photographers, these companies sell the rights to use the images on their platforms. They may keep up to 70 percent of the pictures' proceeds (收益). Users also need to follow certain rules when using the images.

    If companies find out that people are using their copyrighted images without permission, then "they can file lawsuits (诉讼)," Shen said. In this way, the platforms enforce (执行) photographers' ownership rights. Without the help of these companies, it can be difficult for photographers to know if their pictures are being misused and even harder for them to take legal (法律的) action in response.

    Meanwhile, there are many cases of people using photographers' pictures without permission on online platforms. And the platforms' attitude sometimes makes it worse. "There used to be a fake (虚假的) account claiming to be me on Douyin," said Ji Zixuan, a 17-year-old photographer in Shenzhen, Guangdong province. "Because I don't have an account there, Douyin refused to remove the fake account at first."

    A lack of effective online content moderation (内容审核) means it can be time-consuming for photographers to defend their rights. It leads to many photographers feeling apathetic (无动于衷的) about the copyright of their pictures.

    1. (1) What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?
      A . To introduce the VCG company. B . To defend Dai's photo copyright. C . To lead in the topic of photo copyright. D . To warn people to use photos legally.
    2. (2) What is Shen Ran's attitude toward VCG?
      A . Supportive. B . Negative. C . Doubtful. D . Subjective.
    3. (3) What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
      A . The permission of using images. B . The lawsuits of the platform. C . The function of companies like VCG.     D . The legal actions of photographers.
    4. (4) How is the passage mainly developed?
      A . By giving explanations. B . By making comparisons. C . By showing data. D . By raising examples.

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