When it comes to risky behavior, adolescence is the perfect storm. In fact, teens are hardwired to seek challenge. According to a study by University College London (UCL), risk-taking behavior peaks during adolescence. As an adolescent's social-emotional system matures, they long for stimulation and teen challenge.
Moreover, the study found that teens took risks because they enjoyed the thrill. In fact, they often understood the consequences of their behavior. However, the desire to take risks was stronger than their common sense. That's because the teen brain is not fully developed. Therefore, the areas controlling impulses (冲动) and decision-making are still immature.
The study involved adolescents and adults aged 9 to 35 years. Participants chose between risky and safe options in a computer gambling game. Scientists found that the teenagers took the most risks compared with the other groups. In fact, 14-year old teens demonstrated the most risky behavior. In other words, they were constantly seeking challenge and excitement.
In another study at the University of Texas at Austin, participants aged 8 to 30 were given money as a reward for correctly identifying an image. Scientists measured how their brains responded when they found out whether their answers were right or wrong. The teenagers' brains released the highest levels of dopamine, a chemical associated with pleasure. Dopamine motivates the brain to seek rewards and is linked to addiction. Thus, the researchers concluded that teens are more willing to take risks in order to experience rewards.
Risk-taking isn't always a bad thing if it takes place within safe boundaries. In fact, a certain level of safe, positive risk-taking is essential for teens to develop their sense of self and gain self-esteem (自尊). Healthy risk-taking activities include playing sports, outdoor adventures, performing on stage, and reaching out to make new friends.
In conclusion, there's no getting around it: Teens will always seek thrills and push the limits. They're made that way. But parents can help them find healthy challenges that support growth and reduce risk.
