外研版2018-2019学年初中英语八年级下学期期末模拟复习...

    Man has invented four kinds of satellites. The first kind of satellites studies the1of the earth. They are used to make maps. They also help countries to see where they can2oil or gold.

    The second kind of satellites is used to3ships and planes. A ship or a plane can send a message to the satellite and can find out4it is.

    The third kind of satellites studies the weather. These satellites5clouds and strong winds moving across the earth. They warn countries to make preparations when very6weather is coming. They7of the earth from thousands of miles above it and send the photos to weather stations on the ground.

    8kind is used for communication. Telephone calls9countries can be sent by these satellites. Some can carry hundreds of calls at one time. The call is sent to the satellite then the10sends it to a station in the country and this country is being phoned. These satellites also carry pictures; they can receive and send about eight programs at a time.

    Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.

    Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.

    Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. The scientists said that these children were often bullied(欺负)by their older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.

    You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries, they found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame(责备)themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.

    For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversations. And don't forget-if you are shy, you are not the only one.

    Mrs Gill lived next door to Nita．Every afternoon，Mrs Gill took a walk．She said it kept her young．Nita liked to talk with Mrs Gill when Mrs Gill came back．Mrs Gill was always happy after her walk．She often showed Nita something she had found．like a beautiful red leaf．

    One afternoon, Mrs Gill looked sad．Nita asked her why．

    I am sad about all the trash (垃圾)on the street．"she said．"I never saw so much trash in this neighbourhood(街区)!What happened?"

    "Mrs Trent moved．"said Nita．"She often went out each morning and picked up trash before．I often saw her on my way to school．"

    Mrs Gill looked very▲ ． "I thought I knew everything about this neighbourhood!"she said．"But you see more than I do!"

"Well.1 wish I could do Mrs Trent's job．But you know,my back(背)often hurts．It's really hard for me to pick things up，"she said．

    "I could do that．"said Nita．

    Mrs Gill said．"I will carry the trash bag!You can use my gloves so your hands can stay clean．"

    Nita put on the gloves．She picked up pieces of paper．She picked up boxes．And Mrs Gill carried the bag．Lots of people stopped to thank Mrs Gill and Nita．The street looked much better．

    "Thanks, Nita．"said Mrs Gill．"Let's call ourselves the clean-up team!"

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    In the universe, as we all know, there is the sun, the moon, the earth and a good many stars. Through our geography lessons, we know the earth goes around the sun, and the moon goes around the earth. We have day and night because the earth keeps turning all the time. When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, it is night.

Just because the moon is closer to the earth than the sun, it looks much bigger than the sun. Big things will look smaller when they are further, and small things also look bigger when they are nearer.

    The sun is big enough to give out very strong light. The moon can't give any light at all, but it looks quite bright, too. Why? In fact, the light from the moon comes from the sun. The moon looks much bigger and brighter than the stars. But actually (事实上) the stars are much bigger and brighter than the moon. They look smaller than the moon also because they are further away from the earth.

    There are many other planets in the universe. But of all the planets, only on the earth there are living things and people can only live on the earth, too. But at 9:00 a.m. on October 15th，2003, Chinese pilot Yang Liwei was sent up to space. He stayed there for 21 hours. It was the first time for Chinese to get into space.

    The earth is a  (行星)and it goes around the sun. Seven others also go around the sun.  (没有一个)of them has an  (环境)like that of the  (地球), so scientists do not think they will find life on them. The sun and its planet are called the  (太阳的)system, and ours is a small part of a much larger   (群, 组)of stars and planets, called the  (星系).

    Scientists have also  (发现)many others in the  (宇宙). They are very far away and their  (光)has to travel for many years to reach us. So how large is it? It is impossible to imagine.

    Everyone, rich  poor, can have happiness. You don't need to think too much  those rich people. They may always feel  (lone)because their houses arc too big, and they may want  (walk)on country roads because they drive to work every day in the busy city.

    In fact, happiness is always around you. When you are unhappy, your  (friend)will come to help you and this will surely  (make)you happy.

    When you study hard at your lessons, you will get good grades  of course you will feel happy about it. If you don't feel  (good, your parents will take good care of you and you will be happy. When you are poor, you can also say you are happy  you may have something else that money can't buy. When you have problems, say  (loud)that you are happy because you have more chances to challenge yourself. Then you can succeed in what you do and this may bring you happiness.

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    Hello, everyone! I'm glad to be here to talk about happiness.