From radiocarbon dating in the 1940s to remote sensing techniques (RST) in the 1960s, archaeologists have long been early users of technology. Now, experts can use robots to explore ancient cities underwater. Imaging technologies can show the true colors of ancient statues, and protein analysis tells us what diseases ancient people had. Here are three more of the main tech tools used in archaeology.
LiDAR
Ancient sites and buildings may be hidden under trees, water, soil and other things, making them difficult to find for archaeologists. However, with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), archaeologists can scan different areas and find previously hidden sites. It works by sending laser pulses and receiving data from the surface below. The data can then help produce a 3D image of a buried city. In the early 2010s, archaeologists used LiDAR to find a lost Mayan city of which there used to be little evidence.
Virtual reality
Rebuilding ancient sites is an important part of archaeology. But it's never an easy job, as the original materials are hard to find, and rebuilding may also cause harm to the site. VR technology helps to bring old sites back to life. For example, British archaeologist Morgan rebuilt a Neolithic site in Turkey with VR. She collected data from the site and "rebuilt" the site brick by brick on a computer. Then by wearing a VR headset, she "walked around" the site. "It allowed me to look at the site in ways I've never done before," she told Slate, an online magazine.
Artificial intelligence
There are many mysterious words on the oracle bones of the Shang Dynasty that lake a lot of time for archaeologists to understand. AI can help with this. By quickly analyzing a huge amount of data, AI can find patterns and learn to "read" these words.
Eli Zied was supposed to focus on his grades and his future plans for college at the age of 15. But at that time, he started his own business and created a fashion brand called Habits 365.
Eli's business talents and interests appeared around age 12 when he started buying and reselling sneakers. It inspired him "to create a brand that everyone could relate to," Patch Southampton magazine reported.
It was in August 2017 that he came up with the idea to create his own brand. "Habits influence your life, and the better your habits are, the more successful you will be in the long run," Eh told Forbes.
He created designs and logos for his brand. Meanwhile, Eli brought his older brother Spencer Zied into the company as chief operating officer. Thanks to their early accumulated profits from reselling sneakers, the Zieds gained startup capital to invest in initial inventory and packaging. But one of the difficulties was how to expand their brand exposure. On the first night of their new business, they texted friends and asked them to follow the newly created Habits 365 Instagram account.
They also reached out to influential athletes, musicians and agents through Instagram with offers of free goods in exchange for a photograph or a post. This strategy worked out. Now, even NBA All-Star Giannis has worn the clothes of Habits 365.
For Eli Zied, the teenage CEO, perhaps the biggest challenge is how to balance his study and business. "I do homework and study for exams when I first get home from school and work on the business at the end of the day once my school is completed," said Eli. "That is still my main priority. "
Eli, now an 18-year-old freshman at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, was surprised by the brands success. Habits 365 will be expected to reach 1 million in profit by the end of 2021, he told Yahoo Finance. "I believe that one day Habits 365 will be one of the biggest street wear brands in the world," he told Forbes.
Plastic, a durable material, is probably the definitive 20th century "mod-con". It has proved attractive to consumers and manufacturers. But the tide, now packed with an additional 8 million tons of plastic entering the oceans annually, is slowly turning.
The scale of the environmental problem with plastic waste is astonishing More than 6. 3 billion tons of plastic waste has been produced since the 1950s, more than half of which was produced in the past 16 years, and plastic production is expected to double again in the next 20 years. Despite higher recycling rates, large amounts of plastic leak into the environment. Estimates suggest there will be more plastic than fish in the sea by 2050 and there is evidence that it is present throughout the human food chain. An ecologically and technologically superior replacement for many uses of plastic is long overdue.
Consumers have become keen recyclers. Yet this is not as good an outcome as it seems. Even when plastics are recyclable and put in a recycling bin, the majority still ends up in landfill, causing huge emission problems, or ends up in the sea.
Recycling is a complex, expensive, low-profit business. It is made harder because, although 95 per cent of people in the US and EU markets recycle, only about 30 per cent recycle carefully enough for it to be usable.
Nevertheless, growing demand for alternatives to plastic is running ahead of the scientific breakthroughs. These are needed to ensure the environmental impact of replacing it is a net positive. One popular proposal—using paper instead of plastic if possible—however could exacerbates global warming, a more pressing problem.
Having turned consumers into keen recyclers, governments must ensure recycling work. This will require an internationally joined-up regulatory, environment that ensures manufacturers bear the cost of using non-recyclable or uneconomical materials.
Equally, consumers should continue to demand a circular plastic economy. This would be a world in which unnecessary and eco-unfriendly plastic is completely removed, all plastic packaging is 100 per cent reusable or recyclable. The waste must end.
5G wireless networks are ready to power the cities of tomorrow. However, exact implementation (实施)of 5G will vary from city to city, with each city having its own unique set of priorities, requirements, and objectives.
Since 5G enables countless service possibilities, cities must develop strategies around their specific needs. Business and civic leaders play a decisive role in this process, helping to drive smart city initiatives and ensuring that key infrastructure (基础设施)elements are in place.
Several urban areas, including Los Angeles, Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, and Chicago, are early to benefit from 5G For operators, these large urban centers offer a critical mass of solid infrastructure to support 5G's complex technology requirements.
Now, regional and local governments play a critical role in positioning their cities to become early 5G adopters. They have a growing responsibility to streamline the permitting process, change fee structures, and minimize regulator hurdles in order to enable greater 5G implementation.
Efforts are already in full force by industry players to overcome challenges for a smooth build-out in areas where 5G is needed first. As business leaders take a more active role in ensuring that they are well-positioned to better 5G services, they also increase their ability to transform their organizations into smart companies. Peter Linder, head of 5G marketing for North America at Ericsson, emphasizes the critical role individual leaders can play in making 5G and smart cities a reality. “5G will be introduced in urban areas first, driven by consumer and business's needs,” he says. “Proactive city leaders appreciate the potential value of 5G for developing smart city solutions and will partner with service providers to speed up vital network development. ”
The role of business and civic leaders as stimulators for encouraging 5G adoption is decisive to creating smarter, safer, and cleaner cities. The time is right for urban leaders and business executives (执行官)to work together toward making smart cities a reality.
Tropical Rainforest
Tropical rainforests are a world like none other. Unparalleled in terms of their biological diversity, tropical rainforests are a natural reservoir of genetic diversity. They offer a rich source of medicinal plants and other useful forest products. They are an important habitat for migratory animals and preserve as much as 50 percent of the species on earth, as well as a number of diverse and unique originating cultures. Tropical rainforests play an elemental role in regulating global weather in addition to maintaining regular rainfall, while buffering(缓冲)against floods, droughts, and soil erosion (腐蚀).
Despite their monumental role, tropical forests are restricted to the small land area between the latitudes 22. 5 degrees north and 22. 5 degrees south of equator. The majority of the earth's land is located north of the tropics.
Tropical rainforests are a scarce resource in the 21st century. Whatever carpeted the earth's land surface a mere five generations ago has been reduced to scattered fragments(碎片); today, more than two-thirds of the world's tropical rainforests exist as fragmented remainings. Over half of this forest lies in Brazil, which holds about one-third of the world's remaining tropical rainforests. Another 20 percent of the world's remaining rainforests exists in Indonesia and Congo Basin, while the balance of the world's rainforests are scattered around the globe, in tropical regions
It is based roughly on four forested continental regions: the Ethiopian or Afrotropical, the Australasian or Australian, the Oriental or Indomalayan Asian, and the Neotropical.
A. They take in adequate fresh water and oxygen.
B. In that case, new rain forests are seen to be discovered.
C. Their global distribution can be broken up into four biogeographical areas.
D. Their importance to the global ecosystem and human existence is vital.
E. As a consequence, rainforests are naturally limited to a relatively small area.
F. They store vast quantities of carbon while producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen.
G. The largest unbroken stretch of rainforest is found in the Amazon river basin of South America.
My journey into researching Parkinson's Disease (PD) started in 2015. And I travelled to Tanzania to understand what life was like for people living with PD with almost no 1to medication or support. This project was the2that kick-started my passion to3a doctor's degree where I could4more to the limited research on PD in Africa
My PhD took me to Kenya, a(an)5income country on the East coast of Africa, which is also the place I call "6 ". Growing up in Kenya7my eyes to the difficulties. Since leaving Kenya for my later school years and then University in England, I always wanted to return and make a8.
I have tried to join the Parkinson's patient community and a non-profit organization. My experience involved many happy 9but also so much sadness as I10physical and emotional suffering
Although I am not directly11by PD, my research experience and my interactions with people with PD from all over the world have made me want to12 in any way I can. The PD community is13and my advice to anyone newly diagnosed would be to get14and learn as much as you can. There are so many15 people out there.
Liang Pan, a 22-year-old from Chongqing, took just six years to become a world champion from just a secondary vocational school student.
In Aug 2019, Liang won the gold medal at the 45th World Skills Competition in Electronics in Kazan, Russia,is the biggest vocational education and skills excellence event in the world, organized every (two) year by the World Skills International with an aim(show) the skills and promote career of (young).
In September 2013, after failing in the senior high school entrance examination, Liang entered Chongqing Mechanical Technician College to study motor and electrical assembly and maintenance (维护). He said he valued chance more than ever
One year later, Liang(admit) to the national school training team for World Skills Competition. In August 2016, he got the first chance to compete in the national selection competition of the 44th WSC held in Shanghai, (win) the third place.
By training(intensive), Liang broke his wayvictory and won the 45th WSC.
Many companies showed interest in hiring Liang, but Liang committed(he) to his former job as a teacher in Chongqing Technician College of Railway Transportation, as well as a coach in the Chinese Training Base in Electronics for WSC located in the same school.
"My goal is to train the next world champion," he said.
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置上作答。
My Favorite China Symbol
Dear classmates,
……
Thank you!
Many of us have formed on unrealistic picture of life in a small village. We sometimes imagine a small Milage lo be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to hurry yourself You are greeted with beaming neighbors and chanting birds early in the morning. Then late m dusk, you come back home happy and gay to see your family sale and sound at home and everything in place. The other side of the picture is quite opposite. There are many quarrels and thefts due to the rooted poverty.
Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece. They first met in a local dancing competition where the best girl dancer turned out to be Mary They fell in love and got married soon. They were friendly to the neighbors and offered help to those in need. Dimitri worked in the fields while Mary did all the laundry in the daytime. Their life was simple but happy. One of Mary's valuable possesses was a little white lamb which her husband had given her. She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening. One evening, however, the lamb was missing. The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the Iamb had been stolen.
When Dimitri came in from the fields, his wife told him what had happened. She narrated it with tears rolling down her cheeks. Dimitri comforted her, promising her to take the lamb back. He set out to find the thief despite the sign of a heavy rain. He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village. After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out that his neighbor, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb in his backyard. "it must be Aleko who has stolen the lamb", he said to himself.
1）续写词数应为150左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dimitri immediately ran to Aleko's house.
……
Dimitri really felt ashamed of having acted so blindly.
