To son, Cecil
When I wrote this you were 8, still a little boy. In 2002, I was called to active duty in the Marine Corps in the War on Terrorism(恐怖主义). On the 11th of September 2001 when America was attacked, I knew that I would eventually have to go and I was filled with a deep sense of sadness. That night as you and Keiko were asleep, I looked at your little faces and couldn't help but fight the tears.
I knew it would be hard for you because I had a similar experience. When I was a little boy aged 6, my Dad, your Grandpa, was sent to Vietnam during the War there. I remember how much I missed him, too. But now unfortunately I have come to realize just how rough it must have been for Grandpa to be away from his children for a year. Thinking about this, I wanted to put my thoughts and feelings down for you and your sister. I am so sorry that I had to leave for such a long time. There is no place I would rather be than with you and Keiko. You two are the lights of my life. I have known no greater joy than in the few years since you two were born. I hope to have many more years with you. If this doesn't happen, you should know that I love you more than words can express.
If for some reason I don't make it home, I will need you to take care of your little sister and your Mom. You will be the Man of the Cawley family. Be good my son and God will watch over you as he has me. I will be waiting impatiently for the time when we can all be together again.
All my love, Dad
With a few minor exceptions, there are really only two ways to say "tea" in the world. One is like the English term - te in Spanish and tee in Afrikaans are two examples. The other is some variation of cha, like chay in Hindi.
Both forms come from China. How they spread around the world offers a clear picture of how globalization worked. The words that sound like "cha" spread across land, along the Silk Road. The "tea" - like phrasings spread over water, by Dutch traders bringing the novel leaves back to Europe.
The term cha is Sinitic(汉语语系), meaning it is common to many varieties of Chinese. It began in China and made its way through central Asia, eventually becoming "chay" in Persian. That is no doubt due to the trade routes of the Silk Road, along which, according to a Cha discovery, tea was traded over 2,000 years ago. The Japanese and South Korean terms for tea are also based on the Chinese cha, though those languages likely adopted the word even before its westward spread into Persia.
But that doesn't account for "tea". Chinese character for tea, is pronounced differently by different varieties of Chinese, though it is written the same in them all. But in the Minnan variety of Chinese, spoken in the coastal province of Fujian, the character is pronounced "te". The key word here is "coastal" .
The "te" form used in coastal - Chinese languages spread to Europe via the Dutch, who became the primary traders of tea between Europe and Asia in the 17th century. The main Dutch ports in east Asia were in Fujian and Taiwan, both places where people used the "te" pronunciation. The Dutch East India company's expansive tea importation into Europe gave us the French "the", the German "Tee", and the English "ta".
Yet the Dutch were not the first to Asia. That honor belongs to the Portuguese. And the Portuguese traded not through Fujian but Macao, where "cho" is used. That's why Portugal is a pink dot in a sea of blue.
Do we still need cash? The days of holding dollar notes in our hands may be numbered. The advancement of technology of new electronic and mobile devices in today's world is set to revolutionize how we make payments. With a swipe of a card or a click of a mobile- phone app, our entire wealth is literally at our fingertips. As digital forms are increasingly replacing cash payments, some think that we should become fully cash free. However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society.
One of the main concerns of a cashless world is the risk of fraud (欺诈) and ironically, the inconvenience that follows. Numerous incidents in recent years have warmed us that the digital world is not completely safe, especially with regard to personal information parked online which are easily traceable. In addition, many online shopping sites lack strong fraud deterrence (威慑) systems that would protect their clients' personal credentials. In a cashless society, a victim of fraud would find himself locked out of his account and unable to access his funds until the case is solved.
Another reason we should not move towards completely cashless is that mankind might potentially become less thrifty. As it is, payments with credit cards have already eased that psychological pain somewhat.
Proponents of a cashless society agree that cash-free transactions(交易)could potentially reduce inequality in society by making financial transaction more transparent and reducing corruption, thus benefiting the poor. However, despite this promise, we cannot choose to ignore the fact that a large proportion of poor people in the developing world depend on cash to buy everyday goods such rice and vegetables that are priced at minute amounts. It does not make economic sense to host such transactions on a network.
The idea of society eventually going completely cashless is a very real, even an exciting one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to reduce our enthusiasm—perhaps to be a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one is a more reasonable option.
Do's and Don'ts of Backyard Archaeology
Imagine that you are a detective at the scene of a crime. What you find is confusion. Evidence has been moved, stepped on, broken. You even suspect that someone took crucial items as souvenirs! This would make your job much more difficult, right? It might even make it impossible to solve the case.
We study clues left by people long ago and learn a lot about them: their culture, their environment, where they came from, and where they went. Anything made or modified by people is an artifact. Items like stone tools, baskets, shell beads, and bullets from the Civil War are all artifacts. As such, they are part of the archaeological record. These clues add to the great puzzle of history--our history.
Archaeological sites are important to our cultural heritage. Laws protect them against damage by neglect, vandalism, and looters. (Looters take artifacts to keep or sell.) Laws also help preserve sites on public land. This is true except in cases where human bones are found. Special laws regulate what can be done with human remains.
What if you find an artifact—maybe an arrowhead, a piece of pottery, or an old cowboy spur—in your backyard? Write down anything you notice. Is it on the surface or was it buried? Is the ground disturbed by construction or digging? Are there other artifacts nearby? Take pictures. Every detail can help explain the artifact and maybe even reveal who left it behind.
What is the 1ocal Native American tribe? Was there an old colonial or western town nearby? Were battles fought in your area in the Revolution or the Civil War?
Then contact your state's historic preservation officer or an archaeologist at a nearby college or university. These experts can help explain what you found.
A. If possible, leave it in place.
B. Archaeologists are like detectives.
C. So keep these Do's and Don'ts in mind!
D. Also investigate the history of where you live.
E. Preserve the artifact you find in your backyard.
F. It just might be a missing piece in history's grand puzzle!
G. But private landowners have the rights to their own property.
Carl Allamby grew up in a poor African American neighborhood. As a child, pursuing his dream is 1 but easy for him. His school didn't offer the advanced science classes that might have led him on the path to 2. Even it had, doing well in school could prove dangerous. There were often times they would be attacked for 3 the class. As a result, he 4 the thought of becoming a doctor.
At age 19, he started working alone in a garage. Over the years it had 5 into two shops, but Carl was 6 for something more. So at 34, he went for his bachelor's degree in business management and he was 7 he had to take biology to get his degree.
It turned out that it was the 8 thing to have happened. Biology class reawakened a childhood dream he had 9 somewhere deep within himself. Determined to accomplish his dream, he skipped business 10 the science classes for a second career. "It was 11 to become a doctor at around 50. I would 12 become a nurse, or a physician assistant." Carl reasoned.
But Carl's chemistry professor 13 him after class one day and talked him out of that thought.
He was right. Carl did well in all his courses. And so in 2015, he cut 14 with his past, selling his two shops and everything in them. In 2019, at 47, Carl Allamby became Carl Allamby, MD. The world may have 15 him around once or twice, but it didn't defeat him.
"How many people can do something so 16 at such a late stage in their life?" he says." I fit so many demographics(人口统计数据) that 17 you shouldn't be a doctor. 18 it's because of my age, my race, my upbringing. or my career, these are all good 19 suggesting I shouldn't be here. And 20 , here I am."
Colorful corals maybe the stars of the reef (礁石)一but they can't grow well a huge supporting cast. Fish play a load of really important roles on a coral reef. Tim Gordon, marine specialist, says some fish feed on seaweed, (clear) space for new corals. Others control whole food chains.
But when reefs (destroy), the fish flee, and the reefs suffer. So how can we get them back? One trick is playing (they) the sounds of a healthy and energetic reef.
Gordon and his (colleague) played the sounds on underwater speakers for six weeks at a test reef (build) off the coast. At the end of the trial, twice as many fish as expected were living at the energetic- sounding reef, compared to equally built reefs equipped with false speakers no speakers at all But even though it worked, isn't it sort of false advertising? Yeah, in a way it is. It is important that we think quite (careful) about how we'd use this in conservation practices. This will only be useful if we bring fish into a place it's worth bringing them to.
1）发出邀请;
2）告知内容;
3）表达期待。
注意：
1）词数80左右;
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Gold drew many to South Africa and it was gold that has just restored my faith in this chaotic nation.
As a British living in Cape Town, I recently received the call that my father had passed away. After the funeral in England, my mother gave me a gold ring, worm for decades by Dad and before him, by his own father. I've never really been into jewellery, yet when I slipped the ring on my finger it felt somehow right.
Consoled (抚慰) in my grief by Dad's beloved ring, I flew home to South Africa.
All went well until a windy Saturday when I walked on our local beach. As so often in the Cape, it was fiercely windy. When I got home and lit the fire, I looked at my left hand. The ring wasn't there. Awful emotions washed over me- shock, horror, remorse, anger, powerlessness, guilt - a potential life sentence of guilt. Hoping that it had not been dropped on the beach, I looked everywhere else. Maybe the car? I searched every corner of it but fruitless. Maybe the house? Nothing.
It must have been the beach, an area stretching 200 metres from the car park - the ring, a very small needle in an ocean.
I was out at first light the next day but with no luck, discouraged. My only hope was this - the wind had been so strong that the ring could have been buried. It might just be there, somewhere.
I swore to recover it no matter how much I would pay, so I contacted local metal detector users. Two came to help, one even lending me his gear(设备). "Take as long as you need," he said. Days of searching passed quickly, we found an old mobile phone, a 50 cent coin and a lot of bottle tops.
With my hopes failing, a third detectionist (探测者), Allan called to help me.
注意
1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2）至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好;
4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Three days later, Alan, with his acute gear, arrived.
Paragraph 2:
And there was a greater miracle.
