From writers to scientists, here are the amazing stories of women you may not know about, but certainly should.
Murasaki Shikibu
You may be familiar with lots of novels by men writers, from Mark Twain to Charles Dickens. But their works may not even have existed if it hadn't been for Murasaki Shikibu, a Japanese woman widely considered to be the world's first novelist. In addition to a two-part novel called The Tale of Genji, Shikibu also wrote a book of poems.
Maria Sibylla Merian
Today, children as young as preschool age can happily explain how a caterpillar （毛虫） turns into a butterfly. But there was a time when no one knew this-not even scientists. Until the 1670s, scientists thought that caterpillars and butterflies were two completely different creatures. Thanks to Maria Sibylla Merian, we know the truth about these beautiful insects.
Ada Lovelace
Ada Lovelace, born in 1815, was the daughter of the famous British poet Lord Byron, but she wasn't a poet herself. She was the world's first computer programmer. Lovelace's mathematical （数学的） talent was obvious at a young age and caught the attention of Charles Babbage. Babbage designed the early computing machine that he hoped would be able to quickly solve math problems. In addition to helping Babbage design the early computer program, Lovelace was also the first to recognize that the machine might be able to do more than calculation.
Tu Youyou
Tu Youyou, born in 1930, became the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In the 1970s, Tu worked to find a way to prevent the spread of malaria （疟疾）. She discovered artemisinin （青蒿素）, which is used in life-saving, malaria-fighting drugs around the world today.
Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure of your own can disappear if you learn that a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens （奖券） for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms so that each could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.
In the world of monkeys, grapes are excellent goods （and much preferable to cucumbers）. So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room （without an actual monkey to eat it） was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.
The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 24 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
Hundreds of autism（孤独症） sufferers are being recruited（招聘） by a German software designer to train as high-tech IT experts.
SAP, the company, said it wants to recruit up to 500 sufferers because they think differently from others. An autistic person is more likely to be of average or above-average intelligence and possess certain skills that the company wants to tap into. The firm employs more than 65, 000 people globally. By 2020 the aim is for one percent of these to be autistic, it announced from its headquarters in south-western Germany. Recruitment begins this year in Germany, America and Canada, assisted by Danish specialists with experience in hiring autistic people for large firms.
Autism is part of a range of related developmental disorders known as autistic spectrum disorders （ASD）（自闭症系列障碍） . ASD can cause a wide range of symptoms including difficulties with social action, language and communication skills as well as unusual or repetitive patterns of thought and physical behavior. Some people with autism find it difficult to speak, communicate and in some cases are only able to process minimal amounts of information. However, at the other end of the spectrum are some very high-functioning sufferers, who can in many cases perform better than people with no such symptom. Studies have shown that these autistic people possess an unbelievable ability to process information and remember data. This may explain why there is a higher than normal percentage of autistic people working in the information technology industry.
A University College London study carried out last year gave 16 adults with autism and 16 adults without autism a task designed to assess their perceptual load capacity'（知觉负载能力）. Both groups were successful at the task in the easier initial stages, but the adults with autism significantly did better than those without autism as the task became more difficult. This, the scientists said, proved that the brains of autistic people are able to process greater amounts of information.
Previous studies have also linked the symbols of genius- breathtaking achievement, attention to detail and addiction to a particular subject- to autism.
A business school in Paris will soon begin using artificial intelligence and facial analysis to determine whether students are paying attention in class. The software, called Nestor, is used in two online classes at the ESG business school beginning in September.
The idea, according to LCA founder Marcel Saucet, is to use the data that Nestor collects to improve the performance of both students and professors. The software uses students webcams（网络摄像机） to analyze eye movements and facial expressions and determine whether students are paying attention to a video lecture. Professors would also be able to identify moments when students' attention declined, which could help to improve their teaching.
Advocates for AI in education say the technology could be used as a digital tutor that would adapt to a student's individual needs, and help develop more effective studying habits. Such software could also help teachers by providing quantitative（定量的） feedback on the effectiveness of their teaching.
But AI programs rely on massive information of personal data, and there are concerns over how such dat a would be treated. Saucet says Nestor won't store any of the video footage（片段） it gets and that his company has no plans to sell any other data the software collects. In addition, some are concerned that AI may one day replace teachers.
Rose Luckin, a professor at the University College London Knowledge Lab, says AI could unlock the"black box of learning"by providing information on how and when learning happens. But she cautions（告诫） against adopting new technology that, while alluring, may not actually respond to critical needs. She thinks a program like Nestor could be useful for students who take classes remotely, since "there isn't a human there watching them". So Luckin sees the technology more as an assistant, rather than a replacement.
Saucet agrees. "Human contact is not going to go away, " he says. "There will always be professors. "
Should We Create More National Parks to Save Endangered Animals? Don't you find it worrying that more and more species of animals are in real danger of becoming extinct?And I think the best way to do this is for governments to create more national parks.
If this environment is destroyed-for example, when farmers clear a forest for new fields, or trees are cut down for making money-many animals are unable to survive, and more species are likely to become extinct.
In addition, national parks protect animals from the danger of being hunted. A major reason why many species are endangered is that the animals are killed by hunters. They hunt animals to make money.
On the other hand, some people fight against the creation of national parks because they consider it wrong to interfere with nature. They believe that wild animals are happier living in their natural environment. They also point out that a few species are more likely to produce young animals in the wild than in national parks.
All in all, though, these disadvantages are far less important than the benefits of national parks. As a matter of fact, they protect animals from their greatest enemies, that is, human beings.
A. They say though the animals may face danger, they enjoy a free life.
B. Firstly, national parks protect the animals' natural environment.
C. To begin with, animals are important to humans.
D. I personally believe that we must save these animals.
E. There is a heated discussion about whether to create more national parks.
F. These parks allow animals to live in a safe environment.
G. Some hunters even hunt animals simply for sport.
Running for a Dream I will never forget that November day. It was hotter than normal. This was the1my father and I had waited so long for, because we had been working towards this race for three years. Dozens of familiar faces from church and school flashed across my view. They had2come for me with encouragement. I saw worry and3on my father's face. Then the race began!
For the first two and a half miles, I felt4. I had never before been so ready for something. The weeks leading up to the race were filled with controlled5and a strict diet. My friends hadn't seen me in weeks, but they6the sacrifice（牺牲）required to make my dream a reality. As in all of my races, I didn't7out in the front, I loved the pleasure of passing people as my strength overtook their premature speed.
Then without warning, my strength began to decrease. Neck and neck with one of my greatest competitors, I8see the finish line. I had begun the final dash into glory9my knees became weak and my legs gave way. Nothing I could do would make them10weight.
I watched as runners rushed by me. 11I knew my dreams of victory were destroyed, I had to finish the race. However, my legs hurt badly. With all of the12left in me, I got on my hands and knees and crawled （爬）, inch by inch, across the finish line. Voices, both13and familiar, cheered me on. They gave me the courage to keep14until the very end.
The doctors were there in seconds, but my eyes searched the crowd for him. There was only one person I wanted to15to. I whispered, "I'm so sorry , Dad, I'm so sorry I16you. " He looked at me, saying, "You could never disappoint me. Sometimes these things just17. All that matters is that you did your best. "
"But we worked so18 . What about our dream?" He reached over for my hand and said, "Don't you know that you are my dream and it has come true?"
It wasn't long before my running shoes were back on, marking a19path for my journey, I learned that all of the miles, the tears, the sweat, and the pain my dad and I experienced together were not for a20. What I realized, though, was that to him, I was the greatest prize he had ever won.
The United States set up the world's first national park system in 1916. Since then, it （ serve）as a model for other countries that try to protect the environment better and let people enjoy nature.
A national park is a reserve （保护区） of land （own）by the government and protected from human development and pollution. Now China is planning its own national park system. On Dec 5, China passed two plans for national parks （protect） the giant panda, Siberian tiger and Amur leopard.
But national parks are not only for animals. In mid-2015, China started to build national parks in nine provinces. most famous one is the Sanjiangyuan national park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It aims to protect China's water source. Sanjiangyuan, or "Source of Three Rivers", isthe Yellow, Yangtze, and Lancang rivers start.
Before this national park project, China had set aside thousands of nature parks, forests and scenic areas as protected areas. , they haven't been managed well because too many different organizations have been involvedthe protection of different areas. Under the new plan, national parks will cover big areas and include different protected areas.
For example, the habitats of wild pandas lie in different provinces and（divide）into even smaller pieces by railways, roads and power lines. This makes isolated panda groups more open to（ dangerous）. The panda national park will cover all the habitats and make the protection of animals as comprehensive as possible.
But this increased protection doesn't mean national parks will shut their doors to humans. Instead, the new system will offer people a chance to （ deep） feel nature.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Nowadays, the computer technology develops very fast that the Internet has become more and more popular. Some students regarded it as a great helper. Because there has a lot of information on line, so you can surf the Internet for any information you need in a short time without working hard in the library. This is also very convenient to talk with others by using the Internet. Moreover, other students think that there is some information on line which is not good for students. In addition, spend too much time playing games will not only have a bad effect on their studies but also do harm for health. Therefore, we should make properly use of the Internet. It is of great important to separate good plants from wild weeds.
1）请你根据所给要求向有关部门提出申请
2）提示词汇：国际贸易博览会 the International Trade Exposition
文化使者 a carrier for the culture
Dear Sir or Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a senior high school student.
Yours,
Li Hua
