浙江省杭州市江干区2020-2021学年八年级上学期英语第二...

In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera(照相机). He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.

The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.

Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. People took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains. In 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.

Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The picture were unusual because they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的).

Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed feelings, like other kinds of art.

American people like to say "Thank you" when others help them or say something kind to them. People of many countries do so, too. It is a very good habit.

You should say "Thank you" when someone passes you the salt on the table, when someone walking ahead of you keeps the door open for you, when someone says you have done your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful. "Thank you" is used not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters.

"Excuse me" is another short sentence they use. When you hear someone say so behind you, you know that somebody wants to walk past you without touching you. It's not polite to break others when they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say "Excuse me" first, and then begin talking. You should also do so when you begin to cough or make any noise before others.

Let's learn to say "Thank you" and "Excuse me".

One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is, you can take something positive out of it. The one time I wasn't sure of that was on September 11.

I usually wake up at 6:30 or 7:00 in the morning. That day, I happened to wake up earlier. I turned on the TV and I saw that a plane had crashed (撞击) into the North Tower of the World Trade Center. My first reaction (反应) was that it was a terrible accident. Then I saw another plane fly into the South Tower and I realized that I was witnessing (目击) an act of terrorism.

My wife and I spent the day watching the terrible pictures over again. When I watched family members looking for their loved ones, the pain in their eyes was something I would never forget. I couldn't understand how something this terrible could have happened.

It wasn't until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy (悲剧). People seem different now, more understanding, more tolerant(宽容的). Little things that seemed to be such a trouble before are no longer big things. Personally, I am more tolerant than I was. I realize life is too short, and too precious(珍贵的), to let myself get worried over small things. I've learned also that you can't take things for granted. Things change in the blink of an eye. People go to work and don't come back. One moment they're living and the next minute they're not. And, it doesn't matter who you are, there is nothing you can do about it. We never know when our time here will be over, so we all need to make the most of every minute we have.

You try to learn from what happened. You can't be used up by it. You can't live by it. All you can do is just live.

Your best chance of success is by doing what you really want to do. Ask yourself, "If money were not so important, what kind of work would I do for free?" Then just do what you like to do.

Think about what you are going to do. You have to start somewhere and it may be quite a real beginning, whether you are beginning in business or you're dreaming to be a star, you have to star at the bottom.

Great ambition is necessary. An English student called Richard Brason opened a student magazine when he was only 16 years old. But he didn't stop here. He also opened a record business with many shops, and now his company has planes, trains and cars.

The only people who succeed without hard work are lottery winners. You need a "can do" attitude and you must work step by step, which will help you get what you really want. You are on the right way to win the success.

If you always say someone is successful, it doesn't mean anything to you. Learn from those who have already succeeded in something, especially where they do the same as you want to do.

A. Think big.

B. Start small.

C. Be prepared do work hard.

D. Find the work you love.

E. Follow the leaders.

F. Believe yourself.

Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate (使发生联系) red with a strong feeling like1. Red is used for signs of 2, such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of 3 in autumn. People say orange is a 4 color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of 5 . People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in 6 People say it is a refreshing(使清爽的) color. In general (通常), people 7 two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and 8 . Where there are warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be 9 . Those who like to be with 10 like red. The cool colors are 11 and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to 12 more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good 13 for a living room or a 14. People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly. 15 colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.

A fishing net (渔网) stopped a whale (鲸) in the sea. The fishing net was large and heavy. The whale tried to get out of it but it couldn't. The net was around （it）body and mouth.

A fisherman (find) the whale just east of the Farallon Islands. He called for help (quick). A few (hour) later, rescuers (救援人员) arrived. They realized the whale was in great (dangerous). The only way to save it was to go into the water and cut the net. That was very dangerous, the whale could kill the rescuers. But they still decided (try).

The rescuers worked hours and got the whale out of the fishing net in the end. The little whale (swim) around happily. It then came back to every rescuer, one at a time, and played with them — it thanked them. Some said they had never seen beautiful things like this in their lives.

The person who cut the net out of whale's mouth said it was looking at him all the time, and he would never forget it.

—Sorry, I can't. This evening is quite f for me. I have many things to do.

—Yes, you have to tell her.

注意：1）字数80词。

2）必须包括所有相关信息;不得出现姓名，班级等相关信息，否则不予给分。

Dear Anna,

……

Yours

Li Hua