Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about 1 someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 3 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are hopelessly "egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures. But our 5 research results in child developmental psychology 6 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 7 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 8 . We then asked the child if she could 9 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. The same 10 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 11 children said that they couldn't 12 to her.
A number of 13 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 14 the questions and knew 15 what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true 17 that "I can see you only if you can see me, too." They simply 18 mutual（相互的）recognition and regard. Our 19 suggest when a child "hides" by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 20 when others use it.
Children know the difference between right and wrong before they reach the age of two, according to new research1recently.
Scientists have2that babies aged between 19 and 21 months understand fairness and can3it in different situations. They say it is the first time that having a4of fairness has been identified in children at such a young5.
Researchers say babies will watch a 6 for longer if they think it contains something unfair, so in two experiments the babies were7on how long they watched a live scenario(情景)about fairness.
In the first, 19-month-olds8two giraffe puppets(玩偶) given either a toy each or both toys to one of the giraffes. Longer looking times9that something was unusual or10to the baby. In this experiment, three-quarters of the babies looked longer when one giraffe got11toys.
In a second experiment, two women 12each other with a pile of small 13 between them and an empty plastic box in front of each of them In one scenario, one woman 14put the toys away, while the other kept playing, but both women were given 15. In another scenario, both women put the toys away and both got a reward. The 1621-month-old babies looked reliably 17when the worker and the slacker(偷懒的人) were rewarded equally.
Psychologist Stephanie Sloane, who led the study at Illinois University, said:" We discovered that 19 and 21-month-old babies have a general18of faimess, and they can apply it 19to different situations. "
The20appear in Psychological Science, a journal published by the Association for Psychological Science.
What if an animal's main food source is very scarce in the winter? The1may be hibernation (冬眠), that is, a deep sleep which allows them to2the winter with little or no food.
Ways of hibernation 3widely. Some animals store food in their burrows (洞穴) to eat when they awake for short periods. Many4extra food in the fall while it is plentiful, which is5as body fat to be used later for energy.
Hibernators have two kinds of 6: regular white fat and special brown fat. The brown fat7near the animal's brain, heart and lungs. Its main8is to provide extra body heat. It also sends a quick burst of 9 to warm these organs first when it's time to wake up.
True hibernators go into such a deep sleep that they are difficult to10and may appear dead. Their11goes down. Their breathing and heart beat slow significantly. 12a hibernating woodchuck 's heart rate13 from 80 to 4 beats per minute，and its temperature 14from 37C to as low as 4C. Other hibernating animals don' t experience major 15in temperature, heart rate or breathing. They are usually the 16sleepers, easily awakened. They may sleep during the 17weather and wake to wander and eat during milder weather.
If an animal lives in an area where the winter is mild, it may hibernate only18or not at all. However, even when the19 is severe, the animals may wake up for short periods every few weeks to use their toilet rooms and eat if food is20.
A few years ago, I took a sightseeing trip to Washington, DC. I saw many of our nation's treasures, and I also saw a lot of our fellow citizens on the street —1 ones, like beggars（乞丐）and homeless folks.
Standing outside the Ronald Reagan Center, I heard a voice saying: “Can you help me?” When I2, I saw an elderly blind woman with her hand 3. In a natural reaction, I 4 into my pocket, pulled out all of my loose change and placed it in her hand without even looking at her. I was 5 at being bothered by a beggar.
But the blind woman smiled and said: “I don't want your money. I just need help finding the6.”
In an instant, I realized what I had done. I had acted with prejudice（偏见）— I'd 7 another person8for what I believed she had to be.
I hated what I saw in myself. This incident brought back my basic belief. It 9 me that I believed in being modest even though I'd lost that 10 for a moment.
The thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am a (n)11. I left Honduras and arrived in the U. S. at the age of 15. I started my new life with two suitcases, my brother and sister, and a strong mother. Through the 12, I have been a dish washer, roofer, mechanic, cashier and pizza delivery driver 13 many other humble hobs, and14 I became a network engineer.
In my own life, I have15 many acts of prejudice. I remember a time, at the age of 17 — when I was a busboy, I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do well on school, he would 16 like me. I have also seen the same treatment of family and friends, so I know what it's like, and I should have known 17.
But now, living my American middle class lifestyle, it is too easy to forget my past, to forget who I am and where I have been, and to lost sight of where I want to go. That blind woman cured me of my18. She reminded me of my belief in being humble, and to always keep my eyes and heart open.
19, I helped that woman to the post office. And in writing this essay, I hope to thank her for the20 lesson she gave me.
It end to go slowly when I drive in the mountains of my home because the forest 1 is beautiful no matter what the season. This morning I was driving slower than 2 because a nearly March snow had turned the roads 3. Going up a mountain road, I had to slow down as I 4a sharp, snowy curve (弯道). That was 5I saw a majestic buck deer (公鹿) standing in the middle of the road. I came to a full 6and for a few seconds we just 7 each other. His eyes seemed wise and his composure (镇静) refined. Finally, he 8his head at me. I nodded in return and signed 9my hand for him to go on. He then 10 across the road, up the hill and back into the woods. I drove on smiling at the magic of this moment and was 11 that I had been going slowly enough not to 12this beautiful creature.
Most of us rush through this 13not knowing what we are missing. We 14get to enjoy what each day brings us. Wouldn't it be better to go slowly through our days here? Life is meant to be favored. Moments are meant to be 15. Days are meant to be lived in love and joy, not flown through at a frantic (疯狂的)16.
The next time you find yourself going too fast, slowdown. Take the time to watch the sunrise over the horizon and fill the world with 17. Take the time to look your children in their eyes, hug them and tell them that you love them. Take the time to smile, laugh and sing. Take the time to read, lounge (闲逛) and 18. Take the time to live your life with love and 19 in all the miracles each day brings you. If you do, your life will be so much better and more beautiful. And you might even 20not hitting a deer on your way home.
I usually find myself saying that with age comes wisdom. It makes perfect1 when you consider all of the life experiences we have to learn from. 2 , that saying was just blown away by a five-year-old!
Robert and I took a road trip to 3 a friend. Our visit was filled with 4 activities like a trip to the zoo, botanical(植物学的)garden，playing on play grounds and 5 in coloring books.
Helen, Robert's five-year-old son, was my coloring partner. We 6 at the kitchen table each having our own coloring book. The book. I had was on7 On the front inside cover were the 8 of completed colored illustrations(插画)of each page of butterflies in the book. When I saw this I 9 told Helen Look, they have the pictures of the butterflies and how they are10 to look. You can look at the picture and then color the butterfly to 11 what they show. "
Helen's 12 to me was, "Oh, no. You don't have to color the butterflies like the picture. You can color them any way you13 "
What a 14 and powerful nugget(有用的想法)of wisdom. I colored my butterfly any color. I wanted and then created a butterfly15 . If I had copied the picture from the front of the book, it still would have been 16 but it wouldn't have been uniquely mine.
Perhaps we can 17 from our auto pilot way of thinking and look at some18 in our lives differently. Helen opened my eyes to new19in creativity. So, with age can come wisdom, but let's 20 the wisdom of children.
When faced with tough difficulties or troubles, people always give us positive words. 1 can lift our spirits indeed, but sometimes in some case it 2 depresses us. Psychology calls it "toxic positivity." What is it? Let's see the following 3.
Between sleepless nights, diapers (换尿布) and feeding times, having small children at home could leave Priscilla Goins feeling 4. She loved her kids, but it was a lot. "I would sometimes say 'I just want a minute to myself,'" Goins, of Knoxville, Tennessee, said. "People would be like: Oh, you'll miss it when they're 5 or you should value it." That made her so mad. She doesn't 6 what people say. She disagreed at all. Actually, in those moments, she simply wanted 7 that she was going through the tiredness 8.
A focus on positive thinking, while putting challenging and 9 experiences to the side, is what some experts call "toxic positivity." Being cheerful is not a bad thing. Certainly, a 10 attitude can be a gift to those around you, but it shouldn't 11 listening thoughtfully to others' experiences. When you are choosing to look at 12 from one angle-in this case a positive angle-you are very likely to dismiss or deny an authentic 13. That's toxic positivity, which is what Goins 14 when she was looking for a bit of mercy about the 15 of parenting young children. Even if you're trying to 16 someone, ignoring someone's tough experiences can leave them feeling that they should 17 negative feelings in the future. 18 trying to find a positive spin, we are supposed to use accepting and comprehensive words. Sometimes we just need to say "Yeah, me too," or "That makes total sense." It's allowing someone to express something that is 19, even if it's hard to hear or it's 20.
Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 1 is obvious. If we 2 it is a door, they'll want to go outside 3. It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 4. But our insisting it's 5 a window has kept them from 6 millions of requests to open the door.
I hate lying to the kids. One day they'll 7 and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 8.I wonder if 9 should always tell the truth no matter the 10. I have a very strong 11 that the lie we're telling is doing 12 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 13 metaphorical (比喻) meanings. I'm telling them they can't open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 14 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity (机会) of some sort, and 15 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 16 it and wonder, "What if it isn't a door?" That is, "What if it isn't a 17 opportunity?"
Maybe it's an unreasonable fear. But the 18 is that I shouldn't lie to my kids. I should just 19 repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now." Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't 20 to open them and walk through.
