The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by three scientists, the Royal Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided, with one half awarded to David J.Thouless, the other half to F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter(物质拓扑相变和拓扑相)."
Haldane said he was "very surprised" at the news, adding that he was glad that their discoveries found something previously unnoticed by many, and that they revealed "more possibilities for looking for new materials. " He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing.
The year's prize amount is 8 million Swedish krona（0. 93 million US dollars),and will be split properly between the three winners.
The winners are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes, in the form of a document confirming the amount awarded. The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel Foundation can award each year. The purse has increased since the 1980s, when the prize money was 880,000 SEK per prize. In 2009, the monetary award was 10 million SEK (US$1. 4 million; €950,000). In June 2012, it was lowered to 8 million SEK.
If there are two winners of a particular prize, the award money is divided equally between the winners. If there are three, the awarding committee can choose to divide the money equally, or award one-half to one winner and one-quarter to each of the others. It is common for winners to donate prize money to benefit scientific, cultural, or charities.
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives(炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons. Isn't this something that surprises you? Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He even set up the Peace Prize, hoping that there would be no war in the world.
He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund(基金). He wanted the interest(利润) from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he left the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set it up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives (炸药). His companies even made and sold weapons (武器). Isn't this something that surprises you? The man who made money from weapons should set up the Nobel Peace Prize?
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he left behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest (利息) from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
Most Valuable Possessions on Earth
Marie was a single mother of two children in a rural Missouri community. She also dedicated much spare time to numerous charities and community projects.
Then one day Marie received some shocking news from her doctor. She had cancer, and it was spreading rapidly.
Soon , Marie witnessed what she had always known: although she was not financially wealthy, she already had the most valuable possessions on earth. Hundreds in her community and surrounding areas teamed up to help her and her family.
Many people she had touched in caring ways demonstrated appreciation for Marie's life. However, she lived long enough to feel the love of those she had cheerfully served.
The spirits of love and gratitude multiply(增加) when they are shared. Giving selflessly was a value that Marie displayed all her life, and her spirit of giving lived after her in those who knew and loved her.
All her life, Marie had demonstrated（演示） the truth of this simple principle: Rather, it is an attitude that comes from appreciating what we already have. We can find the happiness we seek if we will first share it with others. Then —— and only then——we will have the most valuable possessions on earth: love, happiness, and increasing gratitude.
A. Happiness is the result of sharing love and gratitude.
B. She worked full-time during the day and sold handcrafted leather gifts on weekends.
C. She lived a rather poor and hard life with the two children.
D. Marie didn't live to see the day when her bills were fully paid.
E. Love is second to none.
F. She had barely enough resources to put a cent in the medical treatments she would need.
G. Happiness will not come from worldly possessions of fortune.
I have made a New Year's determination to give back. Whether it is time or money, just to give back to people who need some motivation or help.
Daryl is a nightly 1 at my gym. I did not get a picture of him. Tonight I could not fall asleep, so I 2 to go stretching. Daryl worked hard at 3 the floors and cleaning the equipment that people didn't clean after they used. 4 you, this was 3 a. m.
I 5 to Daryl and asked him a few questions: does he have a family, how is everything 6 and so on. He was very skeptical at first, and you could tell he was 7 to provide information for a stranger. I told him that I had made a New Year's 8 to simply give back — give back to those who work hard day and night to 9 their family and take pride in their work. Daryl 10 did that. I gave Daryl $100 in cash. I told him he 11 this and not to treat it 12 as a donation. He worked for it and it was my personal 13 to reward folks that often got 14. Just at that very moment, Daryl 15 and said no one had 16 done this for him before and that he was struggling. Then he started to 17. He said he was old and people like me didn't 18 anymore. I simply told him he deserved it.
When the time and resources come, just 19 suit and do something for someone who is working hard and is 20. Big or small.
However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence (suggest) a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed medical properties. (use) a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
