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Spinal(脊椎的) implants allow the paralyzed(瘫痪) to walk, swim and cycle again.
Four years ago Michel Roccati was involved in a motorcycle accident. He lost all sensation below the site of the damage to his spine and he could no longer move his legs. In December last year, however, the young Italian stood up on the streets of Lausanne, Switzerland, and took a short walk.
Mr Roccati's remarkable steps, supported by a wheeled walking frame. were the conclusion of more than a decade of work by Gregoire Courtine, a neuroscientist(神经学家) at the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, and Jocelyne Bloch, a neurosurgeon at Lausanne University Hospital.
The scientists had fitted Mr Roccati with a thin device that stimulated nerves in his back that once controlled muscles in his lower body and legs, which lay senseless after his accident. Even after a severe spinal injury, the nerves controlling activities often remain undamaged below any damaged tissue. In paralyzed people, however, the damaged tissue interrupts or weakens any electrical signals from the brain. Dr Courtine and Dr Bloch developed a thin device with electrodes(电击) that targeted the senseless nerves. Once implanted into Mr Roccati's back, the device acted like an amplifier(扩大器) for any electrical signals from his brain and sent in electrical impulses like those normally present in the nerves of an uninjured person. Thus, Mr Roccati was able to voluntarily control those once-senseless nerves and move his legs and walk.
Mr Roccati was one of the three paralyzed volunteers who took part in a small clinical trial of the device. Two other trials were able to stand up and take a few steps almost immediately after they had recovered from the surgery to have it implanted. The device can also be fitted to fire its electrical impulses in many different patterns corresponding to different activities. Patients in the trial were not only able to stand and walk, but to swim and cycle.
The device will need approval from medical regulators before it can be used and commercialized in clinics.
Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), astronomers have confirmed that the planetTRAPPIST-1b probably has no atmosphere. Researchers have been excited to explore it and its six siblings(兄弟姐妹). The system is a unique laboratory for studying how environmental conditions arise on planets—and how they might become suitable for life.
JWST searched for an atmosphere on TRAPPIST-1b by looking for heat radiating from it. With the telescope's ability to study infrared(红外线的) light, "you can actually measure the glow of the planet, says Thomas Greene, an astronomer at NASA's Ames Research Center.
Although the finding might sound disappointing to those hoping for an atmosphere, scientists say that the work showcases JWST's transformational power and opens the door for more results from the TRAPPIST-1 system.
JWST looked at TRAPPIST-1 in mid-infrared wavelengths of light to see how that radiation changed as TRAPPIST-1b moved behind the star. By measuring the brightness of the star and planet together compared with that of the star alone, astronomers could calculate how much came from the planet.
If TRAPPIST-1b had an atmosphere, it would have distributed the energy absorbed from the star and appeared less bright than Greene and his colleagues measured. The observations did not reveal any carbon dioxide on the planet, which JWST might have been able to spot.
It's not surprising that TRAPPIST-1b has no atmosphere, because it receives four times as much radiation as Earth from the Sun. TRAPPIST-1 is also suffering from stellar flares(恒星耀斑) and other activity that sends radiation across its planets, potentially driving away atmospheres.
More discoveries are sure to come. Other research teams have been using JWST to studyTRAPPIST-1b, as well as other planets in the system. That includes TRAPPIST-1b's neighbor, TRAPPIST-1c, a planet that is close enough to its star for JWST to study its glow. Publications on all of these are expected soon.
Trees naturally absorb CO2 through photosynthesis(光合作用), releasing oxygen, storing carbon for decades, or even centuries. Biotechnology firm Living Carbon says lab trials of its genetically changed poplars(杨树) take up more carbon and grow 1.5 times faster than unchanged trees.
Engineering the poplar's genes makes its photosynthesis more efficient. turning more carbon dioxide into sugars to create wood biomass. The team added genes from pumpkin and green algae(藻类) that allow quicker growth and better carbon storage by lowering the rate of a process called photorespiration(光呼吸)—which wastes energy and allows fixed carbon to re-enter the atmosphere as CO2.
Promising as the firm's lab results are, biologists warn that high growth rates are not guaranteed in the wild as the poplars compete for sunlight with other plants and trees. Genetically modified(GM) supertrees may also need intensive watering and fertilizer(化肥) to sustain their rapid growth.
Results are crucial given the rate of climate change and climbing CO2 levels in the atmosphere. But critics say there are risks to planting GM trees in the wild if they reproduce with other trees, or negatively affect other plant and animal species.
Living Carbon says its trees are a hybrid that can only reproduce from cuttings, so cannot cross-pollinate(授粉) with wild trees.
If the field trials are successful then it will still take time to get approval from the government. One sixth, around 135, tree species in the US may face extinction due to climate change, deforestation, foreign insect species, or disease. And even though field trials of a GM chestnut tree have shown its resistance to some foreign disease that wiped out billions of American chestnuts, it still has not been approved for planting.
If CO2 storage is the aim then there are species that already fit the bill. California's Redwood trees store more carbon than any other species. Redwoods are not suitable for every forestry plot, so creating climate adaptable trees through reproducing programmes that fit into local ecosystems is the goal. But in the rush to fix the climate crisis, increase CO2 uptake, and carbon storage, GM supertrees may be part of that solution.
Helping your child choose a college can feel stressful for both you and your child, but it doesn't have to be. The following steps can make the process beneficial and enjoyable for both.
Create a list of schools with your child
Creating a list of schools can help students better understand what they want to get out of their higher education experience. . Listen to what your child needs or turn to professionals when necessary.
Don't rule out alternative education paths
For many parents, having their children earn a four-year degree ranks high on their list of hopes and expectations. But not all students want to follow the traditional path. Some may be better served by trade schools or community colleges, while some may find a coding bootcamp best fits their needs. .
Talk openly about location
Parents can help children consider decision-making factors like in-state or out-of-state tuition and costs difference between public and private colleges. , the distance from home, and the cost of living there.
Start talking openly about the cost of college early, especially if you won't be providing your child substantial financial support. Discussing affordability can help teach students about financial literacy and management.
Once financial aid offers arrive after you have submitted the FAFSA, sit down to figure out how much you and/or your child will owe after taking out all available funding.
Visit campuses and provide emotional support
. Visits with your child emphasize your support and provide the opportunity for you to ask questions your child may consider.
Waiting for acceptance letters and financial aid offers can be a stressful time. Parents can provide emotional support and a listening ear during this process, helping them talk through their options and fears.
A. Hope that your child take your opinion
B. Be that academically, personally, or socially
C.Only by making their own decision can they grow up
D. Discuss affordability and compare financial aid offers
E. Visiting campuses helps students solidify their top choices
F. Other factors include the size of the city where a school is located
G. So strengthen your child's confidence in choosing an alternative education route
On a Friday evening two weeks before Christmas, I lost my job. I hadn't seen it coming. I was excited for the weekend, when my daughter and I1to get our Christmas tree. Then I heard my voicemail, "We're sorry but your work assignment has2as of today." My heart3. I was a single parent. My paycheck was4.
The next day as we searched for our tree, I struggled to be5as I eyed each price tag.
Over the next week, I crazily applied for6as my bank account grew7. I felt as if the world was8in on me. At the weekend, back at home, I glanced out of the window. I noticed a woman9to open her car door against the snow and wind. As she got out, I realized it was my old professor, Esther, who kept in touch like my10even after my graduation from college. Every time just being in her11gave me hope that things would be all right. "What12?" I asked as we hugged. "Well, I tried to call last week but are you doing out in this couldn't13. Then I called your job and so I thought I would come by," Esther said, handing me a Christmas card. When I opened it, tears of14welled up in my eyes. In it was $1000.
In 2020 at age 91, Esther died, but the15she gave during her life lives on in the hearts of many. I am lucky to be one of them.
In April, both Baidu and Pony.ai received permission to offer driverless robotaxi services on open roads in Beijing with no human safety operator behind the wheel. However, at the same time, a backup driver should (seat) in the front passenger seat to take manual control in case of an emergency. It was the first time to allow for the absence of a human safety operator the front seat on public roads in Beijing, (mark) a great step towards the commercialization of fully self-driving technology.
"The permit is (critical) significant in further developing the large-scale commercialization of autonomous driving technology across the nation." said Zhang Xiang, researcher at Jiangxi New Energy Technology Institute. Zhang called for heightened efforts to strengthen the (construct) of intelligent transportation facilities, such as V2X systems, support the transfer of information to improve traffic efficiency. With the permits (issue), the two companies will provide up to 10autonomous vehicles each in a specific area in the southern suburb in Beijing. Continuous testing on public roads, easing regulations reducing costs in autonomous vehicle manufacturing (help) speed up the commercialization of self-driving cars soon.
参考词汇:周年anniversary
Dear fellow students,
Li Hua
My middle child, Jake, was smart and good-looking, but he always sees the cup of life as half empty. Every day when he came home from school, Jake would list everything bad that happened that day!
On his ninth birthday, we saved enough money to take the family to Disneyland for two days. His dad and I didn't make much then, so it cost a considerable amount, but we felt Jake's birthday was worth it. After doing Disneyland to death, we returned to our hotel room, all exhausted. And I asked the birthday boy, "Did you have fun today, Jake?"
All my fault-finding son could say to me was, "Pirates(海盗) of the Caribbean was closed!" "Jake Marshall, I was clearly unable to contain my anger," we stood in line for an hour and a half to see The Haunted Mansion. We rode Space Mountain three times. We spent two days playing in the park, and all you can say is, Pirates of the Caribbean was closed?" Clearly, something had to be done about his negative attitude and I was going to be the one to do it!
I was determined to help him. I read every article and bought every book. With the help of great resources, I found my son had the tendency to sec the worst in every situation. My research told me that people with negativity have an emotional need for order and sensitivity. That meant I needed to listen to my son's daily pessimistic reports. My usual reaction was to try to talk Jake out of his negativity, but that wouldn't satisfy his need for sensitivity, so I had to let him finish his complaints and ask what good things happened. Then I needed to wait until he could tell me. This would help Jake realize that good things really were happening to him.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
Paragraph 1
One day Jake came home from school and complained as usual.
Paragraph 2
From then on, Jake came to understand the power of seeing good points.
