上海市浦东新区2022-2023学年高一下学期英语期中试卷

Global shift to 2D bar codes

Zhejiang province is leading China and the world into a new era of two-dimensional (2D) bar codes and paving the way for the development of global digital trade rules, said Renaud de Barbuat, CEO of GS1, an international nonprofit and standards organization which assigns unique numbers for bar codes on products.

First used on a 10-pack gum at a supermarket in the United States in 1974, the GS1 bar codes have transformed the retail industry（零售业）, with stores (be) able to track their products easily and accurately. However, (not carry) more information, these bar codes have been upgraded into 2D for the needs of modern, digital commerce. For today's shoppers, a 2D bar code is (flexible) and efficient because it can store extra information. For example, consumer want to know the manufacturing and sell-by dates of products or their ingredients using smartphones, and that's why a 2D bar code comes.

In 2020, GS1 introduced the "Global Migration to 2D" initiative (improve) supply chain efficiency and enhance consumer engagement. In March 2021, Zhejiang first promoted 2D codes in the food industry. a "safety traceability system" is required by law. The codes have included both regular information, usually (see) on packaging, and also features such as customer service and test reports. At Zhejiang demonstration area, major breakthroughs (make) in standards, technology and patents, making the province a model case others across the globe to follow.

As we (enter) the next phase of the pilot project（试点项目）, more businesses from other industries and more international partners are expected to join.

The Future of Publishing: E-publish or die?

The iPad and its kind are both good and bad for book publishers.

Like many other parts of the media industry, publishing is being reshaped by the growth of the Internet. For years, e-books have to cut sales of the old-fashioned kind. In response, publishers are trying to support their traditional business while preparing for a future in which e-books will represent a much bigger chunk of sales.

For some time, publishers have operated a "wholesale" pricing model with Amazon. This has enabled Amazon to set the price of many new e-books at $9.99. Amazon has prices low in order to boost demand for its Kindle.

However, publishers are that this may make consumers expect lower prices for all kinds of books. And they worry the downward trend will further cut their thin margins and make bricks-and-mortar booksellers（实体书商）suffer more. Some in the industry even that publishers will suffer a similar fate to that of music companies, whose fortunes disappeared when songs can be cheaply sold online. This is particularly for publishers because digital margins are almost as thin as print ones.

Some publishers try delaying the of electronic versions of new books for months after the print launch to increase print sales. Some are starting to build their own online target reader groups. Sourcebooks, a medium-sized publisher that has developed an online group on poetry, found that book sales rose by 50% after poems had featured on the site.

The publishing firms that survive the tough transition will be those who use flexible and learn quickly to think. Not all of them can turn that particular page successfully.

Do you prefer to watch TV or listen to the radio? There was a time when some people thought moving pictures sent out live into our houses would mean the 1 of tuning into the radio for entertainment and information. But radio 2 and developed quickly. And now, despite the development in complicated smartphones offering high-definition pictures, the popularity of podcasts（播客）is rising.

Perhaps the 3 in podcasting is not surprising - it offers a digital audio file that can be downloaded and stored for listening at any time. 4, it can also be streamed（在线收听）from the internet and played on a computer or MP3 player. And it's not just broadcasters, like the BBC, who are 5 podcasts; now commercial broadcasters, individuals and companies with no connection to broadcasting are making them. 6, anyone with something to say, and a few pounds to spend on the equipment, can get involved.

But where did this 7 for making portable audio programmes like podcasts begin? Journalist Ben Hammersley told the BBC that two changes greatly 8 the market - one technical and one cultural. In 2012, Apple released the iPhone podcast app, followed by a great improvement in inexpensive recording and editing equipment. Finally, the development of 4G mobile phone connections and 9 wi-fi meant listeners could browse, download or stream shows whenever and wherever they wanted.

Technological development has driven many changes in our 10 consumption habits. But however good the tech may be, there still needs to be something worth watching or listening to. The cultural breakthrough came in 2014 with a very specific podcast, Serial, a piece of non-fiction investigative journalism. It tells a non-fiction story over multiple episodes（集）which 11 people's imagination. To date, the first and second seasons of the show have had more than 340 million 12. Advertisers soon realised the money-making potential of this and other successful podcasts. And where the 13 goes, the money follows.

Now there are podcasts about anything and everything, even the educational contream that BBC Learning English offers! And these aural treats（听觉享受）are 14 on a wide range of platforms. Audiences are very specific, which can help advertisers 15 what they want to promote. And if there isn't a podcast to suit your interests, you can now easily make and distribute them -- and become your very own broadcaster.

As a student absorbed in the story of chemistry, William Perkin succeeded in entering Royal College of Chemistry in 1853, at the age of 15. At the time of Perkin's enrolment, the college was headed by the famous German chemist August Hofmann. Perkin's scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann's attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann's youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.

During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his family's house, attempting to produce quinine, the only workable medical treatment for malaria（疟疾）at that time. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge（淤渣）. Luckily, Perkin's scientific training and nature inspired him to investigate the substance further and he finally produced a deep purple solution（溶液）. Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.

Historically, textile dyes（染料）were made from such natural sources as plants and animals. The purple colour obtained from a snail（蜗牛）was once so expensive that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. It was against this backdrop that Perkin's discovery was made.

Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour cloth, thus making it the world's first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting（申请专利）it. He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that producing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not disappear gradually) and the cost was relatively low. So, in spite of the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour amazed her.

Although Perkin's fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.

AGCCI builds digital skills and momentum（动力）towards a better future

In the rural Rwandan village where Chantal grew up, access to digital technology was basically non-existent. But when she was selected to attend one of the country's top high schools, Chantal took to computer science right away. After doing well in her exams, she told her mother she wanted to pursue a career in programming. Her mother's response, she says, did not surprise her: "She laughed and said 'Do you know where you are from? That's for students from the cities, rich families or boys, '" Chantal recalls.

Though the details vary, versions of Chantal's story are shared by girls across Africa and around the world. Even for girls who do have exposure to tech, their interest is often dampened by a lack of gender-responsive and interdisciplinary curricula. This was the experience of Sizolwethu, whose high school offered classes on information and communication technologies: "I was fortunate, " she says, "but I was never that much in love with it, " The courses had failed to connect technology to the real-world challenges she saw facing her community and country -- a key driver of many girls' career choices, research shows.

There, she says, her passion for tech grew as the camp "opened eyes to the game changing innovations that can impact Africa. I learned that with little or no resources, I can make a huge difference if passion and determination are there."

Launched in 2018 by UN Women and the African Union Commission (AUC), AGCCI working to empower girls across Africa by helping them build digital literacy（数字素养） a computer skills and placing them on the path to tech careers.

AGCCI's coding camp was a turning point for Chantal, too. She credits the initiative was pushing her to pursue. Information Technology at the university level -- despite the pressure she was receiving against it.

Awa Ndiaye -Seck.. UN Woman Special Representative to the African Union and UNECA says. "We are to address not only the policy-level bothlenecks related to access to technology and finances, but also the gender-based harmful norms and practices that prevent women and girls for pursuing STEM fields."

假如你是明启中学的高一学生李敏，得知学校网站发起了一个关于"我与传统美食的故事"的征稿活动。你对此很感兴趣，并积极投稿。你的稿件内容包括：

1)简单介绍你最喜欢的一款传统美食；

2)叙述美食背后的个人故事。