上海市奉贤区致远高级中学2022-2023学年高一下学期5月...

Once upon a time . . . 

Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers. At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard.  (inspire), the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they produced their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations  (come). 

The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children's and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection  (translate) into more than 160 languages up to now. The stories and their characters continue to feature in virtually every media: theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and fashion. 

Such fame would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes， the collection(sell) few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even aimed at children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales  . Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began their work at a time  Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. The new rulers restricted local culture. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany. 

 the brothers implied that they were just keeping records of tales, Wilhelm continued to polish and reshape the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more acceptable to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. To this day, parents still read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don't talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents. 

Yet all Wilhelm's additions, the most important part of these stories was left untouched. The cruel treatment of children and the violent punishments handed out to the stories' bad guys are too much for some parents. 

So what accounts for their popularity? Some have suggested that it is the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their origin. Grimms' tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without boundaries (界限) of age or culture. The brothers' skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror  moods or interests we bring to our reading of them. And so it was that the Grimms' fairy tales lived happily ever after. 

Spain Looks to Chinese Travelers

Spain's tourism industry is looking to Chinese tourists for its high-end market, according to the president of the Spain-China Tourism Association. 

"It is the kind of tourism that is not only interested in the sun, beach and the all-included . They enjoy good food, wine, history and nature, and the new Chinese tourists would also want to spend more money in Spain," said Rafael Cascales in a recent with Xinhua.

The Spanish business leader described the Chinese tourists as being younger, more international, and perhaps including more women. "They also travel on their own or in couples or in smaller groups. The large groups of visitors have not disappeared, but this new form of traveling is becoming more important, he said.

Speaking of the pattern of the new kind of Chinese tourists, the Tourism Association president said, "The money they spend is better because they will book one flight with one airline, the hotel with another company and the restaurant with another. "

In his eyes, "Chinese tourists are very important because they two things: there are a large number of them and they spend more money than anyone else - almost four times more than tourists from other countries. ,,

They not only travel abroad in the summer months when Spain has to  with the sun and beaches in countries such as Turkey and Egypt, but also travel in the off-peak seasons of a year, according to Cascales. 

Spain is the second most popular tourist destination in the world, only after France. It attracted about 82 million visitors in 2017, 700,000 of them from China, a number which the United Nations World Tourism Organization  will rise to about 1 million by 2021. 

"We are ready; we have the infrastructure (基础设施)at every level, in hotel capacity. Here those visitors can find what they are looking for, including the luxury items which distinguish them," Cascales noted.

As a child, what did you want to be when you grew up? If you were like most children, you probably let your imagination run 1 . Maybe you dreamed of flying into space or being a famous chef. Then perhaps over the years, your dreams became more 2 . Or you might have given up on some altogether. 

If that's the case, then today's the day for you. January 13th is Make Your Dreams Come True Day. If you've been 3  fulfilling your dreams, this is the day to make a fresh start. 

It's important to dream because dreams can give us the 4  to succeed in life. Dreams inspire and motivate us. The great thing about dreams is that there's no 5  to accomplish them right away. They might take a few years or they might take a lifetime to 6 . The important thing is that you're 7  working toward your dream. And the best way to do that is by setting goals. 

What is the 8  between a dream and a goal? It's been said that dreams are the final destination; goals are the stops along the way. 

Dreams can be very 9 . But the steps you take to reach them should be very 10 . Your dreams state what you want, but goals explain how you'll get there. That makes goal setting a necessary step in 11  your dreams. 

Many successful people have spoken about dreams. Former U. S. Secretary of State Colin Powell stressed the 12  of working for your dreams. "A dream doesn't become reality through magic: it takes sweat, 13  and hard work. "Author Les Brown reminded us that dreams have no 14  limit. You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream. 

If you've been dreaming about doing something for years, start today. Write down your dream, and 15  your goals. Then you'll be on your way to making your dreams come true. 

Many people experience problems with their spine（脊椎）as they age. The tissue that protects the joints in the spine gradually breaks down. As a consequence, the bones, in the spine begin to rub against each other. This further harms that issue as well as the bones. The result is pain in the joints and, sometimes, in nerves near the spine. 

This painful problem is actually a disease called osteoporosis. Some people are more at risk of osteoporosis because of genes that they inherited from their ancestors. Extremely heavy people are also more likely to suffer from this disease because their extra weight puts much pressure on their joints. fortunately, there are steps that people can take to help prevent osteoporosis from developing in their spine. 

The most important step is exercise. Stretches can help the muscles around the spine relax and allow bones to shift into better alignment（排列）, Strength exercises with light weights or body-weight exercises like push-ups can also help by strengthening the muscles around the spine. However, people should not overdo these exercises as repeated motions can strain the muscles around the spine. Trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique can have the same effect. 

 Another important factor is diet. It affects the health of spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves: These include B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids, all of which helps keep nerves healthy. People can get more B vitamin and omega 3 fatty acids by taking supplements sold by stores. Another important factor is vitamin D. which is essential for strong bones. All of these vitamins and acids can be obtained from food. Thus people can help themselves by including them in their daily diets. 

Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association (GDA). Whatever stage of life you're at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community.

We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers. 

Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community's access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.

Not only will you help your young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who'll become your lifelong friends.

 This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes: 

GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities. 

There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities. 

 Find out more about joining a GDA programme:

 Website: www. glodeve. org 

 Email: humanresources@glodeve. org 

By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world' socea us will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, reading to changes in the ocean's appearance.

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it foudn that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changeing," she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing. "

And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, "it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive. " Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.

Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. "It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change," Dutkiewicz said, "but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals what we really have changed our planet. "

If you live in Tokyo or Toronto, you need a warm coat in winter. But you want one that is short, or black, or has a designer brand. The aim of advertising to change our ideas about things we want and we need. 

Some ads for designer products use people's vanity to sell a product. The ads try to create a personality for each brand. For example, one brand of watches is for people who like adventure, with ads featuring an auto racer or a pilot wearing them. Another brand of watches is for elegant and fashionable people, and the ads show wealthy travelers on a cruise ship. The watches look almost the same- only their image as different. When you buy that brand of watch, you are buying the image.

Many ads use people's emotions to persuade us that we need the product. Think of a TV commercial that shows a woman out driving in a car on a rainy day, with her two small children. Suddenly, another car turns in front of her. The children are still smiling and laughing. The message is: This car will keep you safe. Other examples are slogans that tell you to take vitamins to prevent heart disease, ‘or' buy insurance- protect your family.

Commercials for soft drinks often show people having a party, playing sports, or enjoying a day at the beach: Everyone in the ad is having a good time. The message is : If you buy this drink, you will have a good time too. Many ads like this are based on people's desire for fun and enjoyment.

 Psychologists have found that people have positive feelings about things they see more often, so the same ad is used for a long time before it is replaced with a new ad. Other studies found that people react better to an ad when it is fresh in their memory, so TV ads are repeated very often. 

Knowing about psychology in advertising lets us make better decisions about the things we buy.