一、选择题(在每小题的四个选项中,只有一项最符合题意,请选出并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。本大题共</strong>10<strong>小题,每小题</strong>3<strong>分,共</strong>30<strong>分.)</strong>
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2.
我国是最早了解勾股定理的国家之一,它被记载于我国古代的数学著作《周髀算经》中.汉代数学家赵爽为了证明勾股定理,创制了一幅“弦图”,后人称之为“赵爽弦图”.现在勾股定理的证明已经有400多种方法,下面的两个图形就是验证勾股定理的两种方法,在验证著名的勾股定理过程,这种根据图形直观推论或验证数学规律和公式的方法,简称为“无字证明”.在验证过程中它体现的数学思想是 ( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/10/22/5a/e5/5ae57ab1446aa6922108c3aea460fe73_270x123.png)
A . 函数思想
B . 数形结合思想
C . 分类思想
D . 方程思想
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3.
下列四组数中,是勾股数的为 ( )
A .
,
, 2
B . 4,5,6
C . 0.4,0.3,0.5
D . 7,24,25
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6.
直角三角形
ABC中,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则
AC的长为 ( )
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7.
在△
ABC中
a ,
b ,
c分别是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的对边,下列条件中,不能判断△
ABC是直角三角形的是 ( )
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8.
小强家因装修准备用电梯搬运一些木条上楼,如图,已知电梯的长、宽、高分别是1m,1m,2m,那么电梯内能放入这些木条的最大长度是 ( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/10/22/9a/d9/9ad9685cf07327e39d5d775d2041cf97_101x141.png)
A . 2.6m
B . 2.4m
C . 2.2m
D . 2m
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9.
如图的数轴上,点
B与点
C关于点
A对称,
A、
B两点对应的实数是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则点
C所对应的实数是 ( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/10/22/21/5e/215ec175e7e8c65b7b370affe6123275_499x67.png)
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10.
若实数
a满足
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%26lt%3B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%26lt%3B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%7C%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的化简结果是 ( )
A . 2
B . 2a
C .
D .
二、填空题(每小题</strong>3<strong>分,共</strong>6<strong>个小题,共</strong>18<strong>分)</strong>
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12.
若
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
在实数范围内有意义,则
x的取值范围是
.
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13.
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的立方根是
.
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14.
若
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
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三、解答题(本大题共</strong>7<strong>小题,</strong>72<strong>分,解答题应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)</strong>
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18.
先化简,再求值:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 其中
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
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19.
如图,在4×4的正方形网格中,每个小正方形的边长均为1,每个小正方形的顶点叫做格点.
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(1)
在图1中以格点为顶点画△ABC,使△ABC的三边长分别为3、4、5;
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/12/20/de/99/de9991b95c7e00195fbc4f9a847b8775_139x140.png)
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(2)
在图2中以格点为顶点画△DEF,使△DEF的三边长分别为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/12/20/de/99/de9991b95c7e00195fbc4f9a847b8775_139x140.png)
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20.
一架云梯AB长25米,如图所示,斜靠在一面墙上.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/10/22/8b/8a/8b8a97abe5a70e0a7894c97d207d93b5_140x157.png)
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(1)
若梯子底端离墙7米,这个梯子的顶端距地面有多高?
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(2)
在(1)的条件下,如果梯子的顶端下滑了4米,那么梯子的底端在水平方向滑动了几米?
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22.
阅读下列材料,然后回答问题.
在进行二次根式运算时,我们有时会碰上
这样的式子,其实我们还可以将其进一步化简:
.
以上这种化简的步骤叫作分母有理化.
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(1)
化简
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;
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(2)
已知
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的整数部分为a,小数部分为b,求
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的值.
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