一、单选题:本大题共<strong><span>14</span></strong>小题,共<strong><span>28</span></strong>分。
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1.
通过对比,求同存异是物理学习的一种常用方法,如图梳理中存在科学性错误的是( )
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2.
冬天,当你在家洗澡的时候,也会涉及到不少的物理知识。如图所示,小明总结了一些,但其中有一条是错误的,它是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/57/6d/576dcaff3e24d30d2deeca8aeda7356b.png)
A . 房间内充满的“白气”是液化现象
B . 房间的玻璃镜面变得模糊不清,是水蒸气液化造成的
C . 用吹风机将头发吹干是蒸发吸热的过程
D . 卫生间里大量的水蒸气是浴缸中的水升华而成的
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4.
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2022%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
年渔子溪生态公园入选泸州市第一批“醉美泸州
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8B%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
文旅消费新场景”。周末,小明跟着妈妈到渔子溪公园游玩,下列说法正确的是( )
A . 小明看见清澈的湖中有游鱼,这是光的反射形成的虚像
B . 小明看见湖岸边盛开着红色的花朵,是因为花朵反射红光
C . 小明听见远处有人在唱“红歌”,歌声是由空气振动产生的
D . 临近中午,小明看见阳光下,水面波光粼粼,这是光的直线传播形成的
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5.
在探究“二力平衡的条件”实验中,小明同学采用图甲实验装置,小华同学采用图乙实验装置,下列说法正确的是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/92/1b/921b3a400bbd97e52bac13a92df5c1cd.png)
A . 本实验装置中使用定滑轮是为了省力
B . 小华同学的实验设计,可以避免摩擦对实验探究的影响
C . 乙装置中若某一时刻将右侧绳子剪断,小车仍能做匀速直线运动
D . 将小车扭转一定角度后释放,是为了探究二力平衡的两个力是否作用在同一条直线上
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A . 用筷子夹菜时,筷子是省力杠杆
B . 三峡船闸是世界上最大的人造连通器
C . 用高压锅煮食物熟得快是因为锅内气压加大使液体(锅内的水)的沸点升高
D . 相距较近的两艘船平行向前快速行驶时容易相撞,是因为流体压强与流速有关
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7.
如图所示现象中涉及的物理知识正确的是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/1e/73/1e73a56f42df95825c9d80c17a320b56.png)
A . 如图甲,电流的磁效应是由丹麦物理学家安培第一个发现的
B . 如图乙,电动机的工作原理是通电导体在磁场中受到力的作用
C . 如图丙,导体在磁场中沿任何方向运动,闭合回路中都会产生感应电流
D . 如图丁,滑动变阻器的滑片向左滑动,电磁铁的磁性会减弱
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8.
小李家中的电灯不亮,电冰箱等用电器也不工作,但检查保险丝没有熔断,用测电笔测试所有的导线接头及用电器时,测电笔氖管均发光,则他家的电路故障可能是( )
A . 入户电源线的某处火线和零线短路
B . 入户电源线的火线某处断路
C . 入户电源线的零线某处断路
D . 供电局停电
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9.
下列现象中,在改变物体内能的方式上与其他三项不同的是( )
A . 在饮料中放入一些冰块,饮料变凉
B . 划火柴时,火柴燃烧
C . 柏油马路被太阳晒热
D . 冬天,暖气使房间变暖
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10.
“儿童散学归来早,忙趁东风放纸鸢”是描绘的一幅春天孩子们在村旁的芳草地上放风筝的图画
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
如图所示
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。下列涉及的物理知识说法错误的是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/63/d5/63d530f50911d358d6d21b61b032501b.png)
A . 风筝在空中飞行时受到线的拉力、风力和自身重力的作用
B . 放风筝的儿童奔跑得越快,他具有的惯性就越大
C . 线拉风筝的力等于风筝拉线的力
D . 风筝飞行的方向改变是因为力是改变物体运动状态的原因
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11.
如图所示电路中,电源电压恒定。断开
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 闭合
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 两电表均有示数;再断开
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 闭合
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 此时两电表的示数与前者相比( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/d9/85/d985d8a644ce4fdd006440f47c1006dd.png)
A . 两表示数均变大
B . 两表示数均变小
C . 电压表示数变大
D . 电流表示数变小
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A . 闭合开关S1、S2 , 通过三根电阻丝的电流相同
B . 先闭合开关S1 , 再闭合开关S2 , 电流表示数保持不变
C . 先闭合开关S1 , 再闭合开关S2 , 通过右容器中电阻丝的电流变小
D . 闭合开关S1、S2一段时间后,右边U形管内的液面比左边U形管内的液面高
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13.
在国际田径运动会上,我国选手苏炳添带领小组成员奋力拼搏,最终获得
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E100%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
米接力赛冠军。如图是运动员比赛时的一幕,下列说法正确的是( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/d8/8c/d88c26ad30195a554028e90c2f627903.png)
A . 运动员在奔跑的全过程中,运动状态一直保持不变
B . 运动员参加接力赛时,应该穿鞋底较平滑的运动鞋
C . 运动员站在起跑点时,他对地面的压力和地面对他的支持力是一对平衡力
D . 运动员起跑时用脚向后蹬地,说明物体间力的作用是相互的
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二、填空题:本大题共<strong><span>5</span></strong>小题,共<strong><span>14</span></strong>分。
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15.
(1)在下列数据后面填上合适的单位:
一张纸的厚度约为
____;
一个苹果的质量约
____。
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(1)
下图中物体
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的长度是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 下图中温度计的示数是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3E%E2%84%83%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/09/69/09697c55d144608e4f6b1fa3d7a4245c.png)
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/62/38/62389c46386152f704b13897f0d4f973.png)
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(2)
音乐厅正在举行音乐会,男中音在放声高歌,女高音轻声伴唱,又有多种乐器伴奏,这时男中音的比女高音的大,而女高音的比男中音的高。
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(3)
一个人站在竖直放置的平面镜前
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
处,则像距离人
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
远;如果此人以
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Es%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的速度靠近镜面,则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E1.5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Es%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
后,人和像的距离为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
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(4)
一物体做直线运动,前
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Es%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
内通过的路程是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E40%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 后
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Es%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
内的通过路程是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E20%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 这个物体后
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Es%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
内的平均速度是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Es%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Es%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
内的平均速度是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Es%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
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(5)
一束光线与界面成
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E30%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3E%E2%80%8B%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%98%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
角从
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
物质射到
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
物质,反射光线恰好与折射光线垂直,则入射角为
,折射角为
。
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(6)
戴眼镜的李强同学冬天从室外进入温暖的教室,发现眼镜的镜片上“呵气”,过一会儿,“呵气”逐渐从中间消失,“呵气”是空气中的水蒸气形成的,“呵气”消失是由于发生了现象.
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(7)
如图所示是一种液面升降监测装置原理图.点光源
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
发出的一束激光与水平液面成
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E50%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C2%B0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
角射向平静的液面,入射光线与反射光线的夹角为
;光经液面反射后射到液面上方水平标尺上的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3E%E2%80%98%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
点,当液面下降时,光点
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3E%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
将
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
选填“向左”、“向右”或“不会”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
移动。
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/dc/59/dc5998765c07903f763355d104e0e4e6.png)
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(8)
空瓶质量为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eg%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 瓶内装满水后为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E15%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eg%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 若换上酒精,整个瓶子可装的酒精比装水少
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eg%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
-
(9)
一个焦距为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的凸透镜,当蜡烛距它
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E17%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
时,在光屏上得到一个倒立、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
填:“放大”、“缩小”或“等大”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的像;将蜡烛向透镜移近
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
后,在光屏上
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
填:“能”或“不能”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
成像.
-
16.
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2020%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
年
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
月
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
日,长征五号运载火箭在海南文昌首飞成功,正式拉开我国载人航天工程“第三步”任务的序幕。火箭使用液态氢作为燃料,主要利用液态氢的
;在加速升空的过程中,搭载的新一代载人飞船试验船和柔性充气式货物返回试验舱的动能
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
变大
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
变小
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
不变,下同
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 机械能
。
-
17.
汽油机是一种最常见的热机,一台单缸四冲程汽油机工作时飞轮的转速为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E1800%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Er%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Ei%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3En%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则该汽油机工作过程中每秒钟可以对外做功
次。
-
18.
一个标记为“
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E220%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EV%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E44%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EW%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
”的用电器,接在电压为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E110%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
伏特的电路中,实际功率为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
设它的电阻保持不变
-
19.
小明在木棒的一端缠绕些铜丝做成一简易密度计,把它分别放入水中和另一液体中,如图,则该液体的密度
水的密度
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3E%CF%81%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3E%E6%B0%B4%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 密度计在水中受到的浮力
在该液体中受到的浮力。
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
均选填“大于”“小于”或“等于”
三、作图题:本大题共<strong><span>2</span></strong>小题,共<strong><span>4</span></strong>分。
-
20.
根据入射光线和折射光线的情况,在图中虚线框内画出适当类型的透镜.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/04/ff/04ff217e6d00b6001416775c26a3edc0.png)
-
21.
如图所示,为永磁体
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和电磁铁
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
之间的磁场分布。请根据图中小磁针的方向标出
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
两条磁感线方向、永磁体
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
右端的磁极和电磁铁
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
中电源的“
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
”、“
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
”极。
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/e9/7c/e97ce0970246d7217258a5464432970d.png)
四、实验探究题:本大题共<strong><span>5</span></strong>小题,共<strong><span>31</span></strong>分。
-
22.
为了比较水和食用油的吸热能力,小明用两个相同的装置做了如图的实验。实验数据记录如表。
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/89/9f/899f6197d2f7123fa53b6383b9c793b9.png)
-
-
(2)
从表中数据可知,水和食用油的质量
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
选填“相同”或“不相同”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 加热结束时,食用油的温度比水温度
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
选填“高”或“低”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
-
(3)
在此实验中,如果要使水和食用油的最后温度相同,就要给水加热更长的时间,此时,水吸收的热量
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
选填“大于”或“小于”或“等于”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
食用油吸收的热量。
-
(4)
实验表明,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
选填“水”或“食用油”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
吸热的能力更强,物理学中用
来表示物质吸热本领的强弱。
-
23.
在探究“凸透镜成像规律”的实验中,将凸透镜固定在光具座上
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E50%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
刻度线处不动,移动蜡烛和光屏至如图所示的位置时,在光屏上得到烛焰清晰的像。
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/25/40/2540f7551361da2e8aa247a6503d00eb.png)
-
(1)
该凸透镜的焦距为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;
-
(2)
将蜡烛移到
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E30%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
刻度线处,烛焰所成的像是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
填“放大”、“缩小”或“等大”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的;
-
(3)
蜡烛随着燃烧而变短,为了使像仍能成在光屏中央,这时需要
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
填“向上”或“向下”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
移动凸透镜;
-
(4)
如果换一个焦距为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E30%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的凸透镜,在图中光具座上仍保持凸透镜在
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E50%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
刻度线的位置且让三元件的中心在同一高度,此时将蜡烛移到
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
刻度线时,发现无论怎样移动光屏,光屏上都没有像,原因是:
。
-
24.
如图所示,小明用弹簧测力计、外形相同的木块和铝块、固定在水平桌面上的长木板和毛巾探究“影响滑动摩擦力大小的因素”。
-
(1)
实验过程中,弹簧测力计必须沿水平方向拉着木块做
运动。如甲图,木块受到的滑动摩擦力大小为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;如果将水平拉力增大到
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 木块受到的滑动摩擦力大小为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
-
(2)
比较
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
填序号
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
两次实验,可以探究滑动摩擦力的大小与压力大小的关系。
-
(3)
比较乙,丙两次实验,可以得出:在压力相同时, 越大,滑动摩擦力越大。
-
(4)
完成实验后,同组的小金提出,不用毛巾也可以完成
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的探究过程,请你帮他写出实验方案:
。
-
25.
现有两节新的干电池、电压表、电流表、滑动变阻器、定值电阻
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、开关、导线,利用给定器材连接成如图甲所示“伏安法测电阻”的电路。
-
-
(2)
为了保护电路,实验前滑动变阻器的滑片应置于
端
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
选填“
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
”或“
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;
-
(3)
闭合开关,无论怎样移动滑片
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
发现电流表始终无示数,电压表有示数,其原因可能是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
写出一种原因即可
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
-
(4)
排除故障后,当电压表示数为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2.7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EV%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
时,电流表示数如图乙所示,则通过
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的电流大小为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 它的阻值是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3E%CE%A9%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
-
26.
小明测量某种液体的密度的测量过程。
-
-
(2)
向烧杯中倒入适量液体,用天平测出烧杯和液体的总质量
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Eg%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
如图甲
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;
-
(3)
将烧杯中的部分液体倒入量筒中,用天平测出烧杯和剩余液体的质量
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Eg%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
如图乙
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;
-
(4)
倒入量筒中液体的体积
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
如图丙
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。由以上数据可以得到液体的密度
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eg%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
-
(5)
本实验中
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
填“需要”或者“不需要”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
测量容器质量。
五、简答题:本大题共<strong><span>1</span></strong>小题,共<strong><span>4</span></strong>分。
-
-
(1)
如图甲所示,从漏斗口向下吹气,乒乓球被“吸”在漏斗口不会下落;
-
(2)
如图乙所示,用丝绸摩擦过的玻璃棒能“吸”弯很细的水流。
六、计算题:本大题共<strong><span>3</span></strong>小题,共<strong><span>19</span></strong>分。
-
28.
如图所示是我国研制的新能源
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EG%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
无人电动四轮拖拉机,它以氢燃料供电为主,可以搭载深耕机、播种机等多种设备进行农田耕作。某次该电动拖拉机在水平公路上以额定功率匀速直线行驶了
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E30%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 耗时
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E40%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Ei%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3En%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
到达目标农田。该拖拉机质量为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E3.2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Et%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 每个车轮与地面的总接触面积为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E400%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 匀速直线运动时受到的阻力为其重力的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E0.05%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
倍,拖拉机耕地的额定功率为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E20%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EW%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eg%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
取
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2F%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eg%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。求:
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/03/18/72/c3/72c3aaf141e4ae01aa6ab9d861a88dff.png)
-
(1)
氢能源属于
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
选填“一次能源”或“二次能源”
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
-
(2)
求该拖拉机静止在水平地面时,对地面的压强;
-
-
(4)
某次该拖拉机搭载深耕机耕地时,总消耗氢能为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmi%3EJ%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 工作效率为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E60%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3E%25%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 求拖拉机以额定功率耕地的时间。
-
29.
如图甲所示,电源电压恒定,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
是一个定值电阻,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
是滑动变阻器,小灯泡
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的额定电压为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EV%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 图乙是通过小灯泡
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的电流随两端电压变化的曲线.当开关
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
闭合,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
断开,滑动变阻器的滑片
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
滑至最左端时,小灯泡
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
恰好正常发光;滑动变阻器的滑片
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
滑至最右端时,电压表的示数为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EV%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E.%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
当开关
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ES%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
都闭合,滑动变阻器的滑片
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
滑至最左端时,电流表的示数为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E0.8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
消耗的功率为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;求:
-
(1)
小灯泡的额定功率
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EL%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;
-
(2)
滑动变阻器的最大阻值
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;
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(3)
定值电阻
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 消耗的功率
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
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30.
(2017九下·东台开学考)
在测2.5V小灯泡(电阻大约为 10Ω左右)额定功率的实验时,刘星连接了如图甲所示的电路.其中电源电压为6V.
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(2)
在连接电路时,有甲“10Ω 1A”和乙“20Ω 1A”两个滑动变阻器可供选择,则应该选择变阻器连入电路,才能保证实验的顺利进行;
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(3)
在连接电路时,开关应(选填“断开”或“闭合”),滑片应移到(选填“A”或“B”)处,闭合上开关之后,小明发现电压表、电流表均有示数,但小灯泡不亮,经检查,电路连接无误,各元件完好,那么可能的原因是,为了能使小灯泡发光,下一步应进行的操作是;
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(4)
刘星调节滑片P的位置,使电压表的示数为2.5V,这时电流表的示数如图乙所示,为
A,则该灯泡的额定功率是
W.