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备战2024年中考英语阅读话题训练三 人与自然 主题16 环...

更新时间:2024-05-17 浏览次数:8 类型:三轮冲刺
一、阅读理解
  • 1. (2022·烟台)  阅读理解

    The music band Coldplay is taking actions to protect the environment. This includes using their fans' energy to help provide electricity for their performances. In this way, they use electricity without adding carbon gases (碳气体) to the air. The band hopes to cut the amount of CO2 given out by its business activities by 50 percent.

    The Coldplay stars have added special dance floors and energy-storing bicycles to their latest world tour performance. The purpose is to get fans to help produce electricity by dancing and riding. Each dance floor can support many people. It creates electricity when people move on it. Each of the bikes can create an average of 200 watts (瓦特) of electricity. In order to encourage fans to dance or ride more during the performance, they even have competitions to find out which group of fans can create the most electricity. 

    "Being green is a good business model. That's what we'd like to show," said Coldplay lead singer Chris Martin. "The changes will bring a sense of belonging to the fans. Everything in our show is planned to bring everyone into the same group, singing together. It makes us feel part of a community."

    Coldplay has taken other steps to protect the environment. One of its tour stages (舞台) uses recycled steel. The band also hopes to set up the world's first tour battery (电池) system, made from 40 recycled electric car batteries. The hope is to power the whole show with batteries.

    "It's very expensive to try these things for the first time," said Martin, "but we are very happy that we are changing."

    Coldplay is just one music group working to help the environment. Some other famous bands are also taking such steps.

    1. (1) What does Coldplay use their fans' energy to do?
      A . To create 200 watts of electricity. B . To provide power for their shows. C . To cut their business activities by 50%. D . To make their performances wonderful.
    2. (2) What does the underlined word "It" in the second paragraph refer to (指代)?
      A . The floor. B . The band. C . The stage. D . The bicycle.
    3. (3) How does Coldplay encourage fans to dance and ride more?
      A . By helping them to buy bicycles. B . By living in the same community. C . By traveling around the world with them. D . By having electricity-creating competitions.
    4. (4) Which ways are introduced to protect the environment in the passage? 

      ①Riding energy-storing bicycles.  ②Driving or taking electric cars. 

      ③Recycling electric car batteries.  ④Building stages with recycled steel.

      A . ①②③ B . ②③④ C . ①③④ D . ①②④
  • 2. (2021·济南)  阅读理解

    Scientists have long predicted that warmer temperatures caused by climate(气候)change will have the biggest influence on the world's poorest people. New research now suggests that has already happened over the past years. 

    A study coming out in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science found that in most poor countries, higher temperatures are more than 90% likely to have resulted in a fall in economic output(经济产量),compared to a world without global(全球的)warming. The influence has been less big in richer countries—with some even benefiting(获益) from higher temperatures. 

    "We're not saying that global warming created inequality(不公平),"says Noah S. Diffenbaugh,the writer of the study and a professor at Stanford University who studies climate change. But "global warming has slowed down the improvement". The poorest countries are facing the worst influence of rising temperatures—for which they are least responsible, he adds. 

    The new study builds on past research. A 2015 study in the journal Nature predicted that the average income(平均收入)) in the poorest countries will be 25% lower by 2100 compared to a world without warming, while some of the richest countries—like the USA—could experience an increase in income. And a report from IPCC, the UN's climate science body, showed that if global temperatures rise more than 1. 5℃ by the end of the century, poor countries will likely face very serious challenges, including the disappearance of whole communities and millions of early deaths. "They will suffer the most, as they are already,"said Mary Robinson, who used to be a UN Special Envoy on Climate Change and a president of Ireland. 

    The influence is greater elsewhere, especially in sub—Saharan, African countries including Sudan, Burkina Faso and Niger, where climate change has driven the average income more than 20% lower "There are a number of ways by which temperature influences economic activities,"says Diffenbaugh What's clear is that, for poor countries,the news is all bad. 

    1. (1) According to the text, warmer temperatures 
      A . are mainly caused by poor countries B . may bring advantages to rich countries C . had no influence on the world before D . can improve the poorest people's health
    2. (2) What does"suffer"underlined in Paragraph 4 most probably mean in Chinese?
      A . 供应 B . 犹豫 C . 遭受 D . 谋利
    3. (3) Which of the following will face great economic problems caused by climate change?
      A . The UN. B . The USA. C . Ireland. D . Burkina Faso.
    4. (4) What is the main idea of the text?
      A . Climate change will make poor countries poorer. B . We must take action to deal with climate change. C . Climate change can cause millions of early deaths. D . People make good predictions about climate change.
    5. (5) From which is the text most probably taken?
      A . A geography textbook. B . A health magazine. C . A research paper. D . A storybook.
  • 3. (2023·永州)  阅读理解

    Have you ever noticed plastic waste everywhere in your community? Dr. Aboubacar Kampo has. He was living in Côte d'Ivoire, a country on the coast of West Africa, where plastic is a big environmental problem, compared with water and air pollution. Côte d'Ivoire's biggest city, Abidjan, produces more than 300 tons of plastic rubbish a day, and only about 5% is recycled. "How can we turn plastic into something useful?" Kampo wondered. 

    So Kampo, who works for UNICEF, the United Nations Children's Fund, googled, researched, and then noticed a company in Colombia, a country in South America. Plastic pollution is a problem there, too. Conceptos Plásticos, the Colombian company that Kampo read about online, recycles plastic waste and turns it into big, Lego-like bricks(砖)for building schools and houses. 

    Next, Kampo went to Colombia to learn about the company in person. He toured schools that were built with its bricks and the factory where the bricks were made. "Conceptos Plásticos gave us a solution." Kampo said. He thought it could help with more than just the plastic problem. It could also improve children's education. 

    According to UNICEF, 1.6 million children in Côte d'Ivoire don't go to school. One reason is that there aren't enough classrooms. For kids who do go to school, classrooms are often very crowded. Kids often sit on the floor and can't stand up because there isn't room to move around. 

    In 2018 UNICEF built its first classrooms in Abidjan, using bricks produced in Colombia by Conceptos Plásticos. Right away, the local education improved a lot. People couldn't believe it at the beginning, that the classrooms were made of plastic. But now all the parents want their children in these classrooms. By the end of 2021 UNICEF had built 528 classrooms in Côte d'Ivoire. The new Conceptos Plásticos factory in Abidjan will soon be producing bricks from rubbish collected in children's playgrounds and on the beach. 

    The environmental influence is huge. Kampo says it takes about five and a half tons of plastic and just a few weeks to build a classroom. Unlike traditional building, no cement(水泥)is needed. "It's just a hammer(锤子)and those bricks." he added.

    1. (1) What is the main problem Côte d'Ivoire faces?
      A . Plastic pollution. B . Water pollution. C . Air pollution.
    2. (2) What can we learn about Conceptos Plásticos?
      A . It's a company in West Africa. B . It recycles plastic waste online. C . It offers bricks for building the classrooms in Abidjan.
    3. (3) Which of the following best describes the parents about their kids' future in Paragraph 5?
      A . Doubtful. B . Excited. C . Surprised.
    4. (4) How many tons of plastic are needed to build a classroom?
      A . About 5.5 tons. B . Only about 15 tons. C . More than 300 tons.
    5. (5) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
      A . Building Green B .  An introduction to Kampo C . Côte d'Ivoire's Environmental Problem
  • 4. (2023·唐山模拟) 阅读理解

    What do you do with a book once you've read it?Maybe you keep it for someone else in your family to read, or leave it on a bookshelf to read again another day?Maybe you can try recycling your books.

    Recycling your old books means you give them to another person, family or group, instead of leaving them to take up space and get dusty(布满灰尘的). This means that the books you love can be enjoyed by others, too.

    Recycling and giving away your books can be helpful in lots of ways. People will discover new books and authors they didn't know about. Books can sometimes be expensive, so it also helps people and families who can't afford to buy them. When a person gets to read plenty of authors, styles and subjects, it can help them to develop a love of books, increase their confidence in reading and writing and improve their happiness.

    If you take part in a book-recycling project, you can pick up new books, too. Find a comfortable place and take out the books to read. What a pleasant thing! It will help you forget about things that may be worrying you.

    The Children's Book Project is a charity(慈善机构) that recycles books(in good condition)and passes them on to places like schools and children's centers. When you give away books, they are cleaned and divided into age groups and reading levels. Liberty Venn from the Children's Book Project says, "It's an amazing feeling to pass on your books and know that someone will enjoy them as much as you did. At the Children's Book Project we help to extend (延长) the life of over 250, 000 books each year. "

    1. (1) What does the writer suggest to do with old books?
      A . Keeping them for family members to read. B . Leaving them to take up space and get dusty. C . Giving them to another person, family or group. D . Leaving them on the shelf to read another day.
    2. (2) When you give away books to the Children 's Book Project, it will ______ .
      A . break them into pieces to recycle them B . sell them to schools and children's centers at a high price C . pass them on to children's centers directly without doing anything D . divide them into different groups according to age and reading levels
    3. (3) The passage is probably taken from ______ .
      A . A novel. B . A magazine. C . A diary. D . A notice.
    4. (4) Which question could best help us find out the writer's purpose?
      A . Did the writer want us to read books? B . Did the writer want us to collect books? C . Did the writer want us to recycle books? D . Did the writer want us to protect books?
  • 5. (2023·石景山模拟) 信息选择。阅读下面的短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选择最佳选项。

    No matter where you look outdoors, spring seems to bring with it lots of wildflowers, which provides us with nice colors and sweet smells.

    Joel Sartore, a photographer and an environmentalist, has made a point of planting native (本地的) wildflowers at home and at his office. He also encourages his neighbours to start their own gardens of native plants. Why? Wildflowers need our help. In the U.S., Great Plains alone, over 33 million acres of wildflowers and grasslands have been lost since 2009, according to WWF.

    You've probably heard that wildflowers support insects like butterflies and bees, which play a huge role in pollinating crops (庄稼授粉) that we depend on for food. That's just one of many ways wildflowers and other native plants are important to our earth. Native flowers are part of a living network. They lock carbon(碳)within soil, an important part of mitigating (减缓) changes in weather. They store water and nutrients, which are good for forests. And, of course, they look beautiful, making them an attraction in any places.

    "If we hope to encourage children to grow up fighting to save the planet, wildflowers are a perfect fit; they get kids thinking about nature with a sense of wonder," Sartore says. "These places serve as outdoor classrooms, plus they clean our air, soil, and water."

    But what can we do? You don't have to be an eager gardener or have lots of land to put your effort into. If you live in a city, you can just plant flowers in a window box or on your rooftop.

    Another way to get involved beyond your own space at home is to find out how public green spaces near you are managed. You can also volunteer at a local nature center, or community garden that is planting native plants. If you aren't sure what types of plants are native to your area, ask at a nearby garden center or search online.

    "I believe that people want to help make the planet a better place, but they just don't know where to start," Sartore says. "Planting wildflowers and other plants is a great way."

    1. (1) Why does Sartore plant wildflowers at home and at his office?
      A . To show what types of plants are native to the area. B . To encourage his neighbours to plant more native plants. C . To provide kids with some places as outdoor classrooms. D . To call attention to the disappearing of native wildflowers.
    2. (2) What's Paragraph 3 mainly about?
      A . The power of wildflowers. B . The ways of planting flowers. C . The benefits of insects like bees. D . The importance of the living network.
    3. (3) According to the passage, what might be the proper way to help with native wildflowers?
      A . Working as volunteers to help in local parks. B . Building a big garden near your community. C . Moving from the city to the village to grow plants. D . Encouraging yourself to be an eager gardener first.
  • 6. (2023·玉州模拟) 阅读理解

    Do you usually try to reduce waste by collecting objects that can be recycled? Do you often help people around you raise awareness(意识) about the environment?

    Su Yige, a vlogger(视频博主) on Bilibili, is such a person. She tries her best to protect the environment in her daily life. Su always takes her own bag with her when she goes shopping. Most of the furniture(家具) in her Shanghai home was bought from second—hand store. One day, she got her clothes dirty by accident when eating out. She quickly took out a handkerchief(手帕) from her bag instead of reaching for a paper napkin on the table.

    Su says her awareness of avoiding waste comes from her parents. Although they have little "green" knowledge, her parents live a green life. They won't throw away an object as long as it can still be used.

    She hated to see the large number of waste that people around her created every day. She used to believe western people took better care of the environment. She was, then, surprised when she saw mountains of food waste being left outside of supermarkets in Canada seven years ago. She was a student at that time, but she decided to ""step in" and started environmental vlogger(视频博客).

    On Bilibili, Su shares her love for old things and things that can be recycled. She also teaches people to make natural washing powder(天然洗衣粉) and other environmental objects. Her videos has received up to 95.000 likes. Under her influence, many young people have changed their lifestyles. Ding Nan from Fujian province, for example, has said goodbye to all bottled drinks and has been carried a reusable plastic box with her wherever she goes.

    Now, by exchanging suggestions with her fans and other environmental vloggers, Su has continued to avoid creating waste and has helped more people to do so as well. She wants people to know that a greener life can be enjoyable, too, once one has gotten used to it.

    1. (1) What does Su Yige usually do according to the article?
      A . She throws away old things. B . She reduces waste. C . She makes furniture.   
    2. (2) Su Yige used ______ to clean her dirty clothes when eating out one day.
      A . a handkerchief B . a paper napkin C . water
    3. (3) Whom does she get the awareness of avoiding waste from?
      A . Environmental vloggers. B . Her teachers. C . Her parents.   
    4. (4) From the article, we know that ______.
      A . she started environmental vlog after she finished school B . her videos has received p, to 9, 500 likes on Bilibill C . she influences many young people to change their lifestyles
    5. (5) Where can we probably read the article in a magazine?
      A . Environmental Protection. B . Modern Life. C . Science Study.   
  • 7. (2023·夏邑模拟) 阅读理解

    In China, each year we produce about 150 million tons of city waste according to a report. Where does the waste go? People usually burn or bury(埋)it. On the other hand, we receive waste from some developed countries. We get useful materials from it. What about the useless part? Still burned or buried. But is it a proper way?

    Waste pollutes the environment, harms people's health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development. We can't make money at the cost of the environment. We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations(一代人).

    China is getting really serious about waste now.

    We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2018, China started to stop24 kinds of waste coming into our country. And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.

    China also tries to put waste into good use. One example is the waste electricity factories. They burn waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into the environment.

    The Chinese government is encouraging people to do waste sorting(分类). Cities like Shanghai, Chongqing and Beijing have their own sorting systems. More will join them soon. As President Xi Jinping said during a visit to Shanghai, waste sorting is a new fashion(时尚). More and more people are forming the habit of separating their waste.

    1. (1) The writer starts the passage by ________.
      A . telling stories B . comparing numbers C . raising questions D . giving suggestions
    2. (2) The underlined word "sustainable" in Paragraph, 2 means "________" in Chinese.
      A . 可享受的 B . 可持续的 C . 可借鉴的 D . 可复活的
    3. (3) From the passage, we know that ________.
      A . waste does harm only to the environment B . those who break the law may not be punished C . China stops getting waste from developed countries D . waste sorting starts to become popular in China
    4. (4) According to the passage, how many cities have their own sorting systems?
      A . One B . Two C . Three D . Four
    5. (5) The structure of the passage may be ________.

      (①=Paragraph1 ②=Paragraph2 ③= Paragraph 3 ④=Paragraph4 ⑤= Paragraph 5 ⑥= Paragraph 6).

      A . B . C . D .
  • 8. (2022·贺州) 阅读理解

    Several large companies have begun creating paper bottles to replace glass and plastic ones.

    A company called Paboco has been working with many large companies to develop paper bottles. These companies are creating their own bottle designs.

    Clearly, one of the biggest challenges is keeping a paper bottle from leaking (渗漏). The inside of the bottle needs a special liner (衬层) to make sure the liquid doesn't leak through. Many companies are lining their bottles with thin plastic.

    Though bottle makers may say this liner can be removed and recycled, many recycling programs don't have the right machines to deal with these liners.

    A Danish beer company called Carlsberg is working with Paboco on a paper bottle called the "Green Fiber Bottle". Now the bottle uses a plastic liner. In the future the company hopes to use a "bio-plastic (生物塑料)" that will break down naturally over time.

    But even without the plastic, paper bottles aren't perfect. Most paper bottles use wood pulp (木浆). That could lead to the loss of forests.

    Frugalpac, a company from the United Kingdom, has created bottles made of recycled paper, so no trees need to be cut down. Frugalpac still uses plastic liners, though.

    But with so many companies working towards the same goal, we will see more paper bottles on store shelves in the near future.

    1. (1) One of the biggest challenges of using paper bottles is _________.
      A . how to use few liners B . how to make perfect liners C . keeping the plastic bottles from breaking down D . keeping the paper bottles from leaking
    2. (2) What does the underlined word "Frugalpac" refer to?
      A . A Danish milk company. B . A Danish beer company. C . A company from the United States of America. D . A company from the United Kingdom.
    3. (3) Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
      A . A company called Paboco has been working to develop paper bottles alone. B . Many paper bottles have thin plastic inside. C . It's impossible to remove and recycle the liners of paper bottles. D . The loss of forests leads to the use of wood pulp in most paper bottles.
    4. (4) What's the main idea of this passage?
      A . Paper bottles are not perfect. B . Bottles are made of recycled paper. C . Some companies work to develop paper bottles. D . Some companies work to develop glass and plastic bottles.
  • 9. (2022·长沙) 阅读理解

    Otters(水獭) are cute water animals. These days, keeping otters as pets is getting popular. In Japan, some "otter cafés (咖啡馆)"are open for business. People can pay to play with the otters there and to take photos with them. In Indonesia, people go swimming with their pet otters and take funny videos. These photos and videos posted online have interested more people to buy otters as pets.

    However, these enjoyable photos and videos hide the damage(损害) that the online trade is doing to otters. In fact, wild otters are facing many threats—they have long been hunted(猎杀) for their coats in some places, fishermen have been killing otters in order to stop them from eating fish and now, the online pet trade has become another big problem for otters.

    In the wild, baby otters usually stay with their mothers during their first year of life. According to a report, 70% of the otters sold online are under one year old. These baby otters have been stolen from their mothers. When they are kept as pets by humans, they do not live full and natural lives.

    Otters are very social. They live in family groups of up to 15 in the wild. Keeping an otter as a pet can make it very sad and lonely. These animals also need enough space to swim. Their owners' bathtubs or pools are nowhere near as large as the bodies of water in the wild.

    On the other hand, otters simply don't make good pets. They have a very special fishy smell. If they are kept indoors, they will leave a lot of waste around the house. This would make the smell even more unpleasant. Besides, when otters are unhappy, they will make loud noises and even attack(攻击) people. If a person is hurt by an otter, he or she needs to go to hospital at once. So, we should stop the otter pet trade and never share photos and videos about them online.

    1. (1) What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about?
      A . The ways of buying otters online. B . The advantages of playing with otters. C . The popularity of keeping otters as pets.
    2. (2) What does the underlined word "threats" mean in Paragraph 2?
      A . 机遇 B . 威胁 C . 选择
    3. (3) What do we know about otters in the wild?
      A . They live in family groups of up to 15. B . They don't need enough space to swim. C . Baby otters never stay with their mothers.
    4. (4) Why don't otters make good pets?

      a. They may attack people.

      b. They may make loud noises.

      c. They have a special fishy smell.

      d. They need to go to hospital often.

      A . a, b, c B . a, b, d C . b, d
    5. (5) What is the writer's main purpose of writing the text?
      A . To tell people the otters' living habits. B . To teach people how to keep a pet otter. C . To call on people to stop the otter pet trade
  • 10. (2022·南浔模拟) 阅读理解

    Think about what you like to wear on the weekend. There's a good chance that you like to put on a pair of blue jeans. At any moment, about half of the world's population is wearing jeans. But according to a new study, our love for jeans may be bad for Earth. Denim (牛仔布) might be putting some sea animals in danger.

    You might wonder: Isn't denim made of cotton, a natural material? How can it become a danger to nature? Well, in the process of making jeans, cotton is treated with many types of man-made chemicals. Some improve the durability (耐用性) and feel; others give jeans their blue color. Every time we wash our jeans, tiny bits of denim come loose. They flow out of our washing machines, down the drain and into the world's rivers, lakes and oceans.

    Scientists studied the Great Lakes in America and the Arctic Ocean in northern Canada. They found denim waste in all of the water they had collected. It is terrible that the harmful chemicals in denim have spread far and wide. Scientists aren't yet sure how these chemicals might harm animals.

    In the study, the scientists also washed jeans to see how many bits of denim on average each pair would drop per wash. The answer was surprising: About 50,000. Not all of them make their way into the environment. Wastewater treatment plants(污水处理厂) hold back 83 to 99 percent of them. This may sound pretty good. However, one percent of 50,000 bits are still 500 per wash. Now think about the number of jeans around the world and the times each of them gets washed. As a result, a large amount of denim waste still gets into the environment.

    Does this mean we shouldn't wear jeans? Probably not. "We need to buy fewer clothes and only wash them when we truly need to do it," says Sam Athey, one of the scientists. "You don't need to wash your jeans after having worn them only a couple of times."

    1. (1) According to the article, denim might be bad for nature because ______.
      A . it is made of man-made cotton B . it is difficult to be washed clean C . it comes from a natural material D . it is treated with many chemicals
    2. (2) The underlined word "They " in Paragraph 2 refers to"_____________".
      A . Natural materials B . some sea animals C . Tiny bits of denim D . Man-made chemicals
    3. (3) Sam Athey suggests ______.
      A . that we should not wear jeans B . washing jeans when necessary C . we buy jeans as many as possible D . we wash jeans after wearing them

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