Below is a brief description of the process involved in selecting the Nobel Prize laureates (获奖者) in physics.
September-Nomination (提名) forms are sent out.
The Nobel Committee sends out confidential forms to around 3,000 people-selected professors at universities around the world, Nobel Prize laureates in physics and chemistry, and members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, among others.
February-Deadline for submission.
The completed nomination forms must reach the Nobel Committee no later than 31st January of the following year. The Committee screens the nominations and selects the preliminary candidates. About 250-350 names are nominated as several nominators often submit the same name.
March-May-Consultation with experts.
The Nobel Committee sends the names of the preliminary (初步的) candidates to specially appointed experts for their assessment of the candidates' work.
Jun-August-Writing of the report.
The Nobel Committee puts together the report with recommendations to be submitted to the Academy. The report is signed by all members of the Committee.
September-Committee submits recommendations.
The Nobel Committee submits its report with recommendations on the final candidates to the members of the Academy. The report is discussed at two meetings of the Physics Class of the Academy.
October-Nobel Prize laureates are chosen.
In early October, the Academy selects the Nobel Prize laureates in physics through a majority vote. The decision is final and without appeal. The names of the Nobel Laureates are then announced.
December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize.
The Nobel Prize award ceremony takes place on 10 December in Stockholm, where the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize, which consists of a Nobel Prize medal and diploma (证书), and a document confirming the prize amount.
Cordero is the farm manager at Ollin Farms, not far from Boulder, Colorado. The locally grown vegetables on the farm aren't just pretty. "We play an important role in public health nutrition programs," says Cordero's dad, Mark Guttridge, who started this farm with his wife, Kena, 17 years ago.
At a meeting with about a dozen local farmers, two state representatives, and the Colorado officials of agriculture, Guttridge explains how Boulder county has made creative investments in his farm that could be spread to the state or even national level. Before the meeting, Guttridge shows them one of those investments.
A dozen sheep, which Guttridge raises for wool, feed on root vegetables like radishes that have been leftover for them. "So these guys are out fertilizing the vegetable field," Guttridge laughs. "They'll be out here a couple more weeks, and then we'll get our next summer vegetables planted right there." Around the field is a special moveable type of fencing that Ollin Farms bought using financial aid from the Boulder County Sustainability Office. It allows them to move the sheep from one field to another, fertilizing as they go. The goal of these investments is "really building up our soil health," he explains. "That relates directly to the nutrient quality of the food-healthy soil grows healthy food."
The county also makes an effort to get that healthy food out to different communities to boost public health. That's where the Boulder County Public Health department comes in. It created a coupon program to give discounts to people buying fruits and vegetables from Ollin Farms. Nutrition incentive programs, like those public health fruit and vegetable coupons, are spreading all over the country, and most are funded through the federal farm bill. Amy Yaroch, executive director at the Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, says "It's a trip le win. It's basically good for the consumers who live in that particular community because they're getting the healthy food, it's good for the farmer, and then it's good for the economy."
With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth's surface, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐) technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world's ocean. For the ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%.
We know less about our planet's ocean than what we know about the far side of the moon or the surface of Mars. Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera. Researchers have used ships to recharge cameras or observed with a camera tied to a ship to solve the issue, which is expensive and unsuitable for long-term observations.
Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step to iron out this problem by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its own for long periods.
To keep power consumption as low as possible, the researchers used off-the-shelf, ultra-low-power imaging sensors. The device takes color photos, even in dark underwater environments, and sends image data wirelessly through the water.
The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. After getting and encoding image data, the camera also uses sound waves to send the data to a receiver that reconstructs the image. Those sound waves could come from any source, like a passing ship or marine life. As it doesn't need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species.
Now that researchers have demonstrated a working prototype (原型), they plan to enhance the device so it is practical in real-world settings. For future application, these cameras may be used to take images of ocean pollution and create more accurate models to monitor climate change to better understand how climate change impacts the underwater world, and advance various undersea scientific fields.
It was February 24, 2017, and my husband, David, and I were both at work. It was a day like any other. Our 15-year-old son, Justin, his sister and his friend Mike were playing with a ball in our backyard. Completely a common day!
What happened next was exactly a storm. Justin suddenly suffered cardiac arrest (心脏停搏) caused by a hit to the chest, and his heart just stopped. No pulse, no heartbeat. There are only about 10 to 20 cases a year. And it was almost always deadly until recently, when CPR (心肺复苏) has worked in up to one-third of cases.
Thankfully, the other children acted immediately instead of freezing in fear. Mike called 911 while my daughter called my husband. That second call proved vitally important, as my husband was able to get in touch with a neighbor who ran over and started CPR. And later, the doctors arrived and quickly shocked Justin's heartbeat rhythm (节奏) back to normal.
Since then, I've found myself changed as a parent. There is more worry now. This unexpected incident has made me realize that anything can happen to my children. So, we're doing what we can to be prepared. Earlier this year, Justin took part in a community education event with our fire department teaching Hands-Only CPR to the public. At least 100 participants showed up, and Justin shared his story to show why CPR is so important. At a local university where I work as a nurse lecturer, I've volunteered to join the CPR and AED first aid training for incoming freshmen.
David and I feel very fortunate to still have our son with us. If the kids hadn't known to call 911, he wouldn't be here. If our neighbor hadn't known CPR, Justin wouldn't be here. I think everyone should take the time to learn CPR. You could save a life — maybe the life of someone you love. Cardiac arrest often comes without warning. Everything will be normal right up until the point it isn't. You have to know what to do.
Health, as the old saying goes, is over wealth, so it's of great significance to keep fit. You can take away our money, our house, or our clothes and we can survive. That is why I eat healthfully, exercise regularly, and keep up my social life.
Eating healthfully is important to maintain one's health. I try to avoid foods high in fat like French fries or cookies. I also try to limit the amount of animal protein I consume. So, it is important to know how to cook these foods so that the nutrients are not lost in the cooking process.
Our muscles must continue to be strong to support our body as we age. Exercise helps the bones build density and helps us maintain our posture. A regular exercise program of cardiovascular training and weight training is an important part of keeping us healthy.
Studies have shown that people with a wide range of social contacts get fewer colds and recover faster from diseases than those who aren't socially active. For the sake of health, I like to play and interact with my friends and I always feel better when I am with them than when I am alone.
By eating properly and exercising regularly, I can keep my body at an appropriate weight and can maintain my health. By spending time with my friends, I can keep my mind as well as my body happy.
A. It can also strengthen our muscles. B. Take away our health and we will die. C. Friends are an important part of one's health. D. These are my three secrets to keeping a healthy lifestyle. E. Besides, I always stay away from junk food which lacks nutrients. F. By joining in relaxing activities, I can refresh myself to study well. G. Instead, I eat lots of vegetables and fruit which are rich in fiber and vitamins. |
I had never picked up a camera before my freshman year in 2012, when my journey to an artist began. For four years, I 1 G-Star School of The Arts, where my 2 for photography and filmmaking were awaken.
Having seen my first short film, my teacher came over, saying: "You got a good 3 . Why not consider doing this as your profession. I think you've got a 4 in it". Then, it clicked. I, therefore, 5 my bank account and bought my first camera.
Since then, I was amazed by the 6 the world has to offer. I have to 7 , though: I, shy and chicken-hearted, tended to capture nature-related scenes, 8 anything to do with people.
As I was 9 my way, I started photographing myself, the only one I felt 10 with. The camera soon became my strongest 11 , serving as the tool for how I expressed myself. Gradually, I gained enough 12 to start taking photos of other people, greatly touched by how I was able to 13 the best in them through the lens (镜头).
Each year, I would look back on all of the shots I did that year and would 14 them to the first one I ever took in my career. Although the progress seemed substantial, I realized the key to growth as an artist is to never be 15 . This allows me to create progressively better work year after year.
It's a long-term question for teachers: how to get children who hate physical activity to take part in PE lessons? A Northampton primary school believes it has the answer. To make the least active pupils take an interest in their fitness, a program （introduce） at Lings Primary School recently. Not only have the pupils developed an interest in activities ranging from football ballroom dancing, according to the school, but their school work has also improved （significant）.
Students now have best attendance record in the country at 98 percent. The change has been achieved by simply making PE fun. Instead of （climb） wall bars and running on the spot, the pupils practice exercises such as moving like （animal）. One routine involves crawling around the floor like a bear and moving around like gorillas, and the children try to keep their balance on the boards （make） of rubber, all of help stretch their muscles and improve fitness.
Baroness Campbell, who chairs the Youth Sport Trust that （design） the program, said, "We want to show young people that physical activity is fun and a great way （ help） them learn skills that will stay with them for life."
There once was a little village situated in the rich area of New Delhi, Just beyond the village lay a pond, which was a deep dark blue in the middle. Beautiful plants grew all over it. All the children in the village loved the pond. They frequently came to swim and play with water in it. During the summers, the cool water would refresh them from all the dust and heat, and even prevent them from getting immersed (沉溺于) in social networking apps like We Chat or Whats App." It's so nice and beautiful," they would all say.
Then, one day, the villagers began to send the water from the pond into small channels leading to the nearby fields. These channels looked like tiny streams, and they called them irrigation (灌溉) channels, saying that it would help the growth of the plants in their fields to become taller and greener. After some time, the plants did grow taller and stronger. However, the pond was no longer as deep as before; it became shallow.
Sometime later, a factory appeared near the village, letting out a lot of thick black smelly smoke and released (排放) many chemicals into the pond. As these chemicals traveled from the pond through the channels to the fields, many plants died. The pond turned black and produced an awful smell, causing the children to lose their desire to get close to it anymore. They couldn't even think of splashing water and playing in it as they used to. "It is so dirty. How can we play in it?" they said. Then came the burning hot summer. The pond dried up entirely, without a single drop of water remaining. The beautiful plants surrounding it died too. The once lively village now looked ugly, its beauty lost forever, leaving only memories of what once was.
注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The children decided to do something to make a difference.
Over time, their efforts, especially what they did through the apps, took effect.
