一、选择题(本大题有10个小题,每小题3分,共30分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)
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A . 6
B . -6
C .
D .
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2.
(2024七上·义乌月考)
小明和晓晓相约周六早上8点30分在植物园门口见面.若小明早到10分钟记为-10分钟,则晓晓晚到2分钟记为( )
A . +2分钟
B . -2分钟
C . +32分钟
D . -32分钟
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A . 30
B . 0.31
C .
D .
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A . +3和-5
B .
和
C .
和-7
D . +8和
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5.
(2024七上·义乌月考)
下列说法:①绝对值等于1的数是1;②最大的负整数是-1;③最小的自然数是1;④-1的倒数是1.其中正确的是( )
A . ①
B . ②
C . ③
D . ④
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A .
是整数
B .
是正数
C .
是负数
D .
是有理数
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A . 有理数的绝对值一定是正数
B . 如果两个数的绝对值相等,那么这两个数相等
C . 如果一个数的绝对值不是它本身,那么这个数是负数
D . 如果一个数是非负数,那么这个数的绝对值不是它本身
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10.
(2024七上·义乌月考)
如图,阶梯图的每个台阶上都标有一个数,数列呈现一定的符号变化规律和绝对值的变化规律,请计算
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%8B%AF%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
( )
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/10/24/a1/30/a130a9d34e65aa4a85f70b08b74ceef6.png)
A . 1013
B . 1011
C . 0
D . 以上都不对
二、填空题(本大题有6个小题,每小题3分,共18分
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14.
(2024七上·义乌月考)
浙江向来有打年糕的习俗.糯米在做成年糕的过程中,由于加入水分,重量会增加
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%25%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.如果做成年糕后重量为30千克,则原有糯米
千克.
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15.
(2024七上·义乌月考)
"24点"的游戏规则是:任抽四个数,用加、减、乘、除四则运算列一个算式,使得计算结果为24.小李抽到的四个数是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%2C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%2C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%2C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 请列出符合要求的算式:
.
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三、解答题(本大题有8个小题,共72分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)
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(1)
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;
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(2)
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E%28%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%29%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
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(2)
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
除以一个数的商为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 求这个数.
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20.
(2024七上·义乌月考)
如图,某品牌乒乓球的产品参数中标明乒乓球的直径是(
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C2%B1%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
)mm,这表示乒乓球的标准直径是40mm,偏差是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%C2%B1%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 参数中还标明质量是(2.74±0.02)g.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/10/24/e3/ff/e3ff14e1f815302080e9671b3ee617be.png)
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(1)
任选2个该品牌乒乓球,直径最多相差多少毫米?
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(2)
四盒该品牌乒乓球的总质量可能达到110g吗?请说明理由.
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21.
(2024七上·义乌月考)
请仔细阅读下面的计算过程,并解答下面的问题.
计算:![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E%28%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%29%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%B7%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E%28%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%29%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
解:原式
第一步
第二步
第三步
解答过程是否有错?若有,从第几步开始出错,原因是什么?最后请写出正确的计算过程.
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22.
(2024七上·义乌月考)
一辆无人驾驶快递车(名叫"小白")从快递公司门口出发,在东西走向的道路上行驶.若规定向东为正,向西为负,"小白"的8段行驶里程(单位:千米)分别是:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%2C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%2C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%2C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%2C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%2C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%2C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/10/24/ab/9b/ab9b02e6a41477900abae2fa2fd08359.png)
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(2)
若每行驶100千米"小白"的耗电量是4度,则总耗电量是多少?
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23.
(2024七上·义乌月考)
任意一个正整数
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3En%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
都可以写成两个正整数x,y相乘的形式,我们把两个乘数的差的绝对值最小的一种分解称为该正整数的最优分解,并定义一种新运算"
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%28%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3En%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%29%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E%7C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ex%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ey%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%7C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
",例:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EF%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%28%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%29%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E%7C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%7C%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.
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(1)
【理解运用】
填空:点
表示,点
表示(填数字).
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(2)
【画图探究】
在如图所示的数轴上标出点
的位置.
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/10/24/f0/54/f05427513d25f12aae34a5f6e0d17587.png)
①哪个点是原点?
②利用数轴比较点
所表示的数的大小,将它们按从小到大的顺序用"<"连接.
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(3)
【创新发现】
在点
中,距离原点最近的点(不包括原点)是哪一个?(直接写出答案)