1. (2022高一下·上海期中) Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. The crucial finding was that throughout their time in the study, the sixers thought they were functioning perfectly well. B. The winners tended to be the people who slept the least, often in multiple short bursts. C. Though it is possible to train oneself to sleep in short bursts instead of a single nightly block, Dinges says it does not seem possible to train oneself to need less sleep per 24-hour cycle. D. But when the doctor put patients in a lab to make certain they stayed awake, performance suffered. E. By all accounts, he took no stimulant medications. F. A small number of people, sometimes called "short sleepers" and commonly thought to make up perhaps 1% of the population, seem to survive on only four or five hours a night.

Can I train myself to need less sleep?

As an experiment for his high-school science fair in 1964, a 17-year-old San Diego boy named Randy Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours. That is 11 days. The project attracted the attention of the Stanford sleep researchers William Dement. Dement and other researchers took turns watching and assessing the young man's consciousness.

Nor did he seem to suffer any permanent setbacks. Dement said that on day 10, Gardner even beat him at pinball.

I asked David Dinges, the chief of the division of sleep at the University of Pennsylvania, how many people could do anything close to that without dying. He replied that "when animals are sleep- deprived(剥夺) constantly, they will suffer serious biological consequences. Death is one of those consequences".

That said, cases like Gardner's— of people who suffered great sleep deprivation without major setbacks--are well documented. Dinges said that "we probably do have people among us—and not necessarily 1%; there may be many more than that—who can actually tolerate sleep loss better than others." This proposition(主张) has been borne out in studies of participants in transoceanic sailing races, which did not afford them the luxury of long blocks of sleep.

The concept of sleeping in short bursts has spread since those races began, in the 1960s. Today, a small global community of people practices "polyphasic sleeping", based on the idea that by dividing your sleep into short bursts, you can get away with less of it.

And he notes that even for the 1% (or so) who can survive on less sleep and function well cognitively, we still don't know how the practice might be affecting metabolism(新陈代谢), mood, and many other factors. "You may be cheerful, but not cognitively fit. Or you may be cognitively fit, but hard to be around because you're pushy or hyperactive.