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1.
(2021高三上·淮安期中)
铝是应用广泛的金属。以铝土矿(主要成分为
, 含
和
等杂质)为原料制备铝的一种工艺流程如下:
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2022/08/23/fa/e3/fae374c905fd41dae3e5db1bd7bac27b_463x149.png)
注:
在“碱溶”时转化为铝硅酸钠沉淀。
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(2)
向“过滤Ⅰ”所得滤液中加入
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ea%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
溶液,溶液的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3Ep%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
(填“增大”“不变”或“减小”)。
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(3)
“电解Ⅰ”是电解熔融
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EA%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 电解过程中作阳极的石墨易消耗,原因是
。
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(4)
“电解Ⅱ”是电解
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Ea%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
溶液,原理如图所示。阳极的电极反应式:
。
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2022/08/23/53/d7/53d7f352e9a98b216dfb031dd855d5ee_366x163.png)
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(5)
铝粉在
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E1%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E0%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E0%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E0%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%84%83%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
时可与
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
反应制备
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EA%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。在铝粉中添加少量
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E4%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
固体并充分混合,有利于
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EA%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的制备,其主要原因是
。
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