1. (2022高三上·上海开学考) Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

Insects are disappearing. The world has 25 per cent fewer terrestrial insects now than in 1990. This includes those we rely on to pollinate our crops and clean our rivers. If we don't solve this problem very soon, some species will disappear.

There are many causes for the insect decline, but insecticides（杀虫剂）are a major part of the problem. Those used today are longer lasting and up to 10,000 times more toxic than some that were banned in the 1970s. Adding to the problem is that these pesticides are now applied to crops prophylactically（预防地）and used whether pests are present or not.

Overall, the amount of pesticide applied to the land is decreasing, but this is a grossly misleading statistic. A recent paper found that, between 2005 and 2015, there was a 40 per cent reduction in the amount of pesticide applied to crops measured by weight. But because modern insecticides are so much more toxic, the global toxicity of treated land to pollinating insects has more than doubled in the same period.

Governments and regulating agencies are aware of the problem, and some parts of the world have moved to ban the use of certain insecticides outdoors in an attempt to help bees survive. But the pesticides used instead are just as toxic.

One often-touted approach is to use pesticide-free pest control methods. These varied techniques are gathered under the name of integrated pest management (IPM) and have been around for decades. They offer effective crop protection and include methods such as crop rotation and the use of natural predators. But their adoption has been incredibly slow, because spraying pesticides is viewed as an easier option. As a result, IPM methods are unfortunately seldom used today

Neither changing insecticides nor shifting to IPM is a quick fix. We argue instead that we need a subtle shift in focus, away from killing pests and towards protecting crops.

By using the minimal dose we need to protect crops, we could reduce the amount of insecticide to a fraction of what is used today. Farmers would benefit from these changes. They would spend less money on pesticides and improve crop production by keeping health pollinator insects about. Reducing insecticide doses won't solve the insect decline problem but it is a move that could win us time to make food production more sustainable and reconcile（使和谐）farmlands and the natural ecosystems we crucially depend on. And that will allow insects to recover.

1. （1） According to the passage, which of the statements is NOT true about the insect decline?

   A . Currently-used pesticides are much more toxic than before. B . Pesticides have played a key role in reducing the number of insects. C . The amount of pesticides used is much more than before. D . The toxicity in pesticides lasts longer than before.
3. （2） Which of the following can replace the underlined word in paragraph 5?

   A . broadly-publicized B . recently-created C . frequently-criticized D . generally-proved
5. （3） What is the best way to treat the insect decline?

   A . To protect crops rather than killing out insects. B . To raise large-scale natural predators of insects. C . To search and develop new pesticides. D . To shift to the IPM pesticide-controlling method.
7. （4） What is the best title for this passage?

   A . Insects control - there is still a long way to go B . Insects decline! Take measures right now C . New findings in the field of insects control D . Shift in pesticide use could help insects recover