选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."
He's as big as a small golden dog and covered with scales (鳞片). He is the pangolin (穿山甲), an endangered animal.
According to the wildlife trade monitoring organization Traffic, about one million pangolins were killed from 2000 through 2013, mainly for their scales, which are used in medicine. Pangolins are sensitive creatures and picky eaters that only eat certain species of ants, a diet that's very difficult to copy in the food chain.
"In the last decade, there's been a huge growth trade in pangolins between continents, especially their scales," says Dan Challender, chair of the pangolin specialist group. Previously, most pangolin killing happened within Asia, he says. This shift means that Asian pangolins are becoming difficult to find but that the value of the scales makes it worth the extra cost to take pangolins from Africa to Asia secretly.
All eight species of pangolins, four in Africa and four in Asia, are in danger of extinction due to the illegal trade. International trade in the four species of Asian pangolins has been banned since 2000. In the past few years, a ban on international commercial trade in all eight species has gone into effect. It was voted by 183 governments that are parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), which is in charge of cross-border trade in wild animals and their parts.
Pangolins are eaten as bushmeat in western and central Africa and by some local groups in South and Southeast Asia. Their parts also are used in Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa as traditional medicine. Typically dried, ground into powder, and put into pills, pangolin scales are used in a range of traditional medicines to help mothers who have given birth to babies to recover. But they are now endangered. Perhaps no pangolins can be seen when our next generation grow up.
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed（安装）has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
"Solar projects need to be good neighbors," says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project." They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy." InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to "low-impact'' solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators（传粉昆虫）.
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. "These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape," says Macknick.
You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes，a 34﹣year﹣old Portuguese computer engineer，loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall.
"I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily，"but you can imagine that after a while，you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it. " Seeking other like﹣minded souls，however，Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place：online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service but Paulo's hunch(直觉)paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com，a social network that has grown to 575，217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. Running the website has almost turned into a full﹣time job.
Language is certainly a barrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide，a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese，the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. So a common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to English. That said，we know of many postcrossing members，including Chinese，" Paulo says.
A. And that's totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family﹣friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5，the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly，if you speak only Chinese，receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short，he loves postcards，and the excitement of getting a hand﹣written note from someone far away.
Winds howled. Branches shook. Rain poured down. A boy found1 under a tree. Then he noticed a cat hiding under a bush. The cat meowed and raised a paw（爪）2 calling him over. The boy raced through the rain and took the cat. Just then，lightning3 the tree.
When the rain stopped，the boy hurried home，with the cat in his arms. His mother saw the cat." Not another mouth to4 !" she said，5 her head." This cat saved my life，" the boy begged." Please may I6 it？"" His mother insisted，" We have7 enough food for ourselves. It must go."
The boy watched sadly as the cat walked away and disappeared from8 .
The next day，the boy looked for the cat when he went fishing. But there's no cat. And he hadn't caught any9 .What would he and his mother eat for dinner？
That afternoon，the boy created a clay（黏土） cat with a10 paw to look like the cat that had saved his life. He displayed it in the front window. A man stopped to buy it. The boy didn't want to11 another cat. But with that money，he could buy rice for dinner. The man left with the cat，and the boy rushed to the shop.
Day followed day. Each day，the boy watched for the cat. While he12 ，he made another clay cat. Each day，a passer-by stopped to buy the clay cat.
And then one day，the cat13 ，with a large fish in its mouth.
At dinner，the14 of baking fish filling the house，the boy asked again，" Please may I keep it？" This time his mother15 and smiled，" this is a good- luck cat."
Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along well with your family. you can take action to improve the situation. The key to ( keep)the peace is regular and honest communication. When you disagree with your parents，take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation their point of view. Perhaps they have experienced something similar do not want you to go through the same pain. After you have thought it through，explain your actions and feelings (calm)，listen carefully，and address their concerns. Through this kind of healthy discussion you will learn when (back) down and when to ask your parents to relax （they） control. Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent-child ( tense) create，and you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship.The good news is that this ( storm) period will not last.Everything (turn) out all right in the end，and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood.
注意： 1）写作词数应为80左右；2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
When the last customer left, it was already 10:30 pm. Eric, an 18-year-old college student in Atlanta, dragged himself home. In order to save money to buy himself the new mountain bike, he had been working at KFC for over a month that summer vacation. He already had 120 dollars. With one more week, he would have his dream bike.
Entering his room, Eric found his younger brother Bill sitting on the edge of his bed with an uneasy expression on his face.
"Sorry, Eric. I ... I did something wrong," Bill sprang up and said nervously.
"What is it?"
"This afternoon I went to play football on the road outside our house and accidentally hit our neighbor Mr. White's car. I was so scared and I ... I hurried home in panic without telling him."
"Is the car seriously damaged?"
"The ball hit the front hard and the left headlight of it got broken."
"It's truly your fault. It's really dangerous to play football on the road. What's worse, you shouldn't come back without telling Mr. Smith about it," Eric raised his voice, obviously annoyed. Hearing this, Bill lowered his head and bit his lips hard.
"Anyway, it's no use crying over spilt milk. And it is too late today. We have to deal with it tomorrow. Now you just go to bed."
When Bill went to bed, Eric couldn't go to sleep himself. Father always told him to be honest, to be a man respected by people and to be an example of his brother. He was sorry for his brother's behavior. He shouldn't have run away after he did something wrong. But he could understand him. Anyway, he was only a boy of seven and what had happened really scared him. But as his elder brother, he should do something about it although this may delay his plan of having the mountain bike. "Nothing serious, just another week in KFC," he said to himself.
注意：所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
Eric got up early the next morning.
Mr. Smith was a little surprised to see the brothers.
