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1.
(2022高二下·湖北期中)
2019年1月,嫦娥四号探测器翩然落月,首次实现人类飞行器在月球背面的软着陆:也首次实现了我国地外天体采样返回;所搭载的“玉兔二号”月球车,通过砷化镓(
)太阳能电池提供能量进行工作。带回的月壤中包含了
等多种元素。回答下列问题:
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(1)
基态
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Er%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
最高能层中成对电子与未成对电子的数目之比为
。
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(2)
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EG%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ea%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EA%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的熔点为1238℃且熔融状态不导电,据此判断它是
(填“共价”或“离子”)化合物。
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(3)
H和O可以形成
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
是
(填“极性”或“非极性”)分子。
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(4)
砷化镓可由
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EG%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ea%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EA%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
在
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%84%83%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
制得,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EG%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ea%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
中碳原子的杂化方式为
。
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(5)
S与O可形成多种酸根离子及化合物,如
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E-%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E4%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E-%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
等,其中
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EV%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EE%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EP%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ER%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
模型是
;
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E4%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E-%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的空间构型为
。
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(6)
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eu%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
催化烯烃硝化反应过程中会产生
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。键角:
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E-%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E2%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2B%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
(填“>”或“<”)。
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