1.
(2023·济南模拟)
工业上利用石煤矿粉(主要含
及少量
、
)为原料生产
, 工艺流程如下:
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/03/02/43/a7/43a78c5b1bf86c9152a04324e16e3659_719x139.png)
已知:①“水溶”、“转沉”、“转化”后,所得含钒物质依次为
、
、
;
②不同pH下,V(V)在溶液中的主要存在形式见下表:
③25℃时,
。
回答下列问题:
-
(1)
“焙烧”时,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EV%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
发生反应的化学方程式为
。
-
-
(2)
滤液Ⅰ的成分为(填化学式);先“转沉”后“转化”的目的是。
-
-
(3)
“转化”时,滤渣Ⅱ经高温煅烧后水浸,所得物质可导入到操作单元中循环使用。
-
-
(4)
“沉钒”中析出
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EV%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
晶体时,需要加入过量
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E4%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 其原因是①
。②
;25℃时,测得“转化”后,滤液中
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EV%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
mol·L
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 为使“沉钒”时,钒元素的沉降率达到96%,应调节溶液中
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
至少
mol·L
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。
-
-
(5)
“煅烧”时,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EV%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
制得产品
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EV%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。但反应体系中,若不及时分离气体Ⅱ,部分
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EV%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
会转化成
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EV%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 反应中氧化剂与还原剂物质的量之比为3∶2,该反应的化学方程式为
。
-