1.
(2023高三上·顺德月考)
金属铼广泛用于航空航天等领域.工业上用富铼渣(铼元素主要以
形式存在,砷主要以
形式存在)制取铼粉.工艺流程如下:
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/02/0a/43/0a437966d2d8be8486d77d36d4ab3ce0_782x165.png)
已知:常温下
;
为第四周期第ⅤA族元素;高铼酸铵微溶于冷水,易溶于热水.
回答下列问题:
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(1)
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EA%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的简化电子排布式为
.
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(2)
“氧化”时铼转化为强酸高铼酸
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3ER%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ee%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
. “滤渣1”的主要成分是硫单质.写出“氧化”时
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3ER%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3Ee%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3ES%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
发生反应的离子方程式:
.
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(3)
综合考虑,富铼渣“氧化”中浸出温度选择
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E%7E%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%84%83%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为宜,原因是
.
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(4)
常温下,“反萃取”得到高铼酸铵溶液的
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3Ep%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%3D%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E9%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E.%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E0%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则溶液中
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3Ec%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3Ec%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%8B%85%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
(填“>”“<”或“=”).
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(5)
“析晶”得到的主要产品是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3ER%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ee%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
. 提纯粗高铼酸铵固体的方法是
,图1是
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3ER%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ee%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的X射线衍射图谱,则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3ER%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ee%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
属于
(填“晶体”或“非晶体”).
![](//tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/01/02/7a/4e/7a4ed2b83c7f3085e480e4ca673f65fb_635x214.png)
图1:高铼酸铵
谱 图2
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(7)
已知
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3ER%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ee%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的立方晶胞如图2,则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3ER%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ee%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
在晶胞中的位置为
;晶体中一个
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3ER%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ee%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
周围与其最近的O的个数为
.
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