21.
(2021高二下·赣榆期中)
为加强进口冷链食品监管,某省于2020年底在全省建立进口冷链食品集中监管专仓制度,在口岸、目的地市或县(区、市)等进口冷链食品第一入境点,设立进口冷链食品集中监管专仓,集中开展核酸检测和预防性全面消毒工作,为了进一步确定某批进口冷冻食品是否感染病毒,在入关检疫时需要对其采样进行化验,若结果呈阳性,则有该病毒;若结果呈阴性,则没有该病毒,对于
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3En%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,(
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3En%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%88%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
)份样本,有以下两种检验方式:一是逐份检验,则需检验
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3En%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
次:二是混合检验,将
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
份样本分别取样混合在一起,若检验结果为阴性,那么这
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
份全为阴性,因而检验一次就够了;如果检验结果为阳性,为了明确这
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
份究竟哪些为阳性,就需要对它们再次取样逐份检验,则
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
份检验的次数共为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ek%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
次,若每份样本没有该病毒的概率为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmi%3Ep%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
(
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%26lt%3B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ep%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%26lt%3B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
),而且样本之间是否有该病毒是相互独立的.