16.
(2023·普宁开学考)
一个球被平面截下的部分叫做球缺,截面叫做球缺的底面,球缺的曲面部分叫做球冠,垂直于截面的直径被截后的线段叫做球缺的高.球缺的体积公式为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EV%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmtext%3E%CF%80%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%28%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%29%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 其中
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为球的半径,
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EH%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为球缺的高.2022北京冬奥会的吉祥物“冰墩墩”(如图1)深受广大市民的喜爱,它寓意着创造非凡、探索未来,体现了追求卓越、引领时代,以及面向未来的无限可能
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
它的外形可近似抽象成一个球缺与一个圆台构成的组合体(如图2),已知该圆台的底面半径分别
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 高为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 球缺所在球的半径为
![](//math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则该组合体的体积为
.