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A. competence B. repetitive C. dramatically D. pace E. routinely AB. Beating AC. blowing AD. worthy AE. shallowly BC. ease BD. readiness |
How to prevent and fight anxiety?
Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you easily annoyed, weaken your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite. And the constant state of generated by anxiety — adrenaline (肾上腺素) pumping, heart racing, palms sweating-may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.
How to prevent anxiety then? Meditate.
Maybe you're just nervous. If so, meditation is of a try. It cultivates a calmness that will anxious feelings and offer a sense of control. A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8-week meditation course, were considerably less anxious afterward. People who are nervous find that they are calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner.
Jog, walk, swim, or cycle.
If you can't make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise. Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it's something like running or swimming laps.
Treatment?
Remember to breathe. When you're anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too . That makes you feel more anxious. Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect.
Let's say you are anxious about your on the job. Ask yourself "What, in particular, am I afraid that I'll mess up?" Maybe you're afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines. Or maybe you're worried that you're it whenever you present your ideas in meetings. Are your worries reasonable? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions rejected? If not, the anxiety is needless. If there is a real problem, work on a solution: yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class.
There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green construction design strives to 1 others of its effectiveness and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a 2level.
Although there are a good many advocates of "green" construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a (n)3 way, that doesn't translate into a booming green construction industry. Likewise, the fact that plenty of architectural firms have experience in green design is not enough to make green construction 4. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact 5the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be 6 into the design.
The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in 7the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. Owners who8the commissioning process, or fail to take "green" issues into account when doing so, often run into trouble once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately.9, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.
In some cases, an owner may be 10 of the latest trends in green building design, which, however, does not necessarily lead to an interpretation that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and 11 the ways that green design can meet the client's objectives. In this way, he may turn a project originally not12green design into a potential candidate.
Typically, when condiering whether or not to adopt a green13, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers are not involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they have a role to play from they outset, since green design demands14between these disciplines, which requires additional cost. However, there are examples of green design which have demonstrated15costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construnction.
St Kilda is a tiny archipelage (群岛) of the North Atlantic Ocean. The islands are among the most spectacular, but the greatest fascination is that, for over a thousand years, people lived there and possessed a sense of community. Cut off from the mainland, the islanders had a distinct way of living their lives, mainly eating the seabirds that returned to breed on the rocks.
Isolation also had a big effect upon St Kildans' attitudes and ideas. The people sacrificed themselves year in and year out, in a constant battle to secure a livelihood. In such harsh conditions, life was only possible because the whole community worked together.
In the 19th century St Kilda was subject to pressures from the outside world. Education, religion and tourism all attempted to throw the St Kildans' way of life into doubt. In the early 20th century, the strength of the community became weakened as contact with the rest of Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and wind and sea made it difficult to get adequate food, the St Kildans were forced to turn to the mainland for assistance.
In 1930, the St Kildans finally agreed to abandon their homes. They settled on the Scottish mainland, not realizing it meant throwing themselves into the 20 century. As adults, they had to accept those values most Scots believe in. For instance, the islanders found difficult to base their existence upon money. They had never lived in a world where they bought goods and services from each other.
The islanders showed themselves indifferent to the jobs they were given on the mainland. The labours asked of them were unskilled compared with the spectacular skills they had once performed in order to kill seabirds. Moreover, killing birds had once provided the community with food to survive. On the mainland, however, the tasks they were asked to perform did not provide them immediately with what was needed to keep them fed and warm.
The history of the St Kildans after the evacuation (撤离), of their inability and lack of resolution to fit into urban society, makes sad reading. When they were resettled on the mainland, the St Kildans were forced to live in a society whose values were unacceptable and incomprehensible to the majority of them. For many, the move was a tragedy.
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Depression hurts, Prozac can helpDepression isn't just feeling down. It's a real illness with real causes. Depression can be triggered by stressful life events, like divorce or a death in the family. Or it can appear suddenly, for no apparent reason. Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depression. That's not true. Many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin — a chemical in your body. If this happens, you may have trouble sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hard to concentrate. Lose your appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that can point to depression—especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if normal, everyday life feels like too much to handle. To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe (开处方) most often is Prozac. Prozac isn't a "happy pill." It's not a tranquilizer (镇静剂) . It won't turn you into a different person. Some people do experience mild side effects, like upset stomach, headaches, difficulty sleeping, sleepiness, anxiety and nervousness. These tend to go away. within a few weeks of starting treatment, and usually aren't serious enough to make most people stop taking it. However, if you are concerned about a side effect, or if you develop a rash (皮疹) , tell your doctor right away. And don't forget to tell your doctor any other medicines you are taking. Some people should not take Prozac, especially people on MAO inhibitors (单胺抑制剂) . As you start feeling better, your doctor can suggest therapy or other means to help you ● through your depression. Prozac has been carefully studied for nearly 10 years. But remember, Prozac is a prescription medicine, and it isn't right for everyone. Only your doctor can decide if Prozac is right for you— or for someone you love. Prozac has been prescribed for more than 17 million Americans. Chances are someone you know is feeling sunny again because of it. |
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they plug each day's events. in other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard patterns" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite (精英) , so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily conflict of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of conferences and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
The Minoans: A Forgotten People
The first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19 h century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.
With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.
From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.
Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图符)show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.
An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor(装饰品).
The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.
A. Some experts think that the wealth gained from trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the arts
B. Experts believe that a king and mostly a female priest ruled the government and controlled trade.
C. In ancient Greek myths, Minoan society was quite prosperous and highly civilized
D. The palace that Evans unearthed a century ago was the first proof of Minoan culture.
E. Minoan culture didn't exist before Arthur Evans discovered the palace under the earth
F. Although not yet decoded, written script on clay tablets appears to list trade accounts.
A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic, in scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole.
The hole has reached record dimensions, but is not expected to pose any danger to humans it moves further south. it extends further south to overpopulated areas, such as southern Greenland, people will be at increased risk of sunburn. However, on current trends the hole is expected to disappear altogether in a few weeks.
Low temperatures in the northern polar regions led to an unusual stable polar vortex (极地漩涡), and the presence of ozone-destroying chemicals such as chlorine (氯) in the atmosphere - from human activities-caused the hole (form) .
It is now too early to say the unusually stable Arctic polar vortex conditions are linked with the climate crisis, or part of normal stratospheric weather variability. Peuch said there were no direct implications for the climate crisis. Temperatures in the region are already increasing, (slow) the destruction of ozone.
a hole over the Arctic is a rare event, the much larger hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades. The production of ozone-destroying chemicals (reduce) dramatically, under the 1987 Montreal Protocol (蒙特利尔协议) , but some sources appear still to be functioning.
New sources of ozone-destroying chemicals were not a factor in the hole (observe) in the Arctic, said Peuch. "However, this is a reminder that one should not take the Montreal Protocol measures for granted, and that observations from the ground and from satellites are central to avoiding a situation the ozone-destroying chemical level in the stratosphere could increase again."
